The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 12 No 1 (2008): 123 – 131

 

 

PENENTUAN KUALITI AIR TASIK KEJURUTERAAN UKM KAMPUS BANGI: KE ARAH SISTEM PENGURUSAN SUMBER AIR BERSEPADU

 

Mazlin Bin Mokhtar¹, Othman A. Karim²  dan Irene Lee Pei Ngo³

 

¹_{Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI)}

²_{Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam & Struktur, Fakulti Kejuruteraan}

³Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Abstract

Integrated  Water  Resources  Management  (IWRM)  is  a  process,  which  promotes  the  coordinated  development  and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant  economic and social welfare in an equitable  manner  without  compromising  the  sustainability  of  vital  ecosystem.  A  study  on  the  water  quality  of  the ‘Engineering Lake’, UKM Bangi Campus was carried out to determine the water quality, and compare it with the Interim National Water Quality Standard (INWQS) (DOE, 2001), followed by estimation of its Water Quality Index (WQI) based on six selected parameters. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible causes of the water pollution and level of this pollution at the lake. The comparisons of concentration values measured during dry days with those on rainy were performed using suitable statistical methods. Water quality parameters that were measured are pH, temperature, dissolve oxygen (DO), conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal-nitrogen, lead and cadmium. Temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity were measured in situ by using calibrated meters, whilst metal concentrations were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(AAS). Methods of sampling and water analyses were performed according to recommendations that were outlined by the American Public Health Association (APHA, 1998). On normal days, the inflow and the outflow of the lake were estimated to be 0.057 ± 0.024 m³/s inflows and 0.052 ± 0.018 m³/s outflows. The theoretical retention time of the lake water with a mean depth of 1.5 m and area of 18,000 m² was 62.5 ±  37.6 days. On the normal days, the estimated total amounts of materials that were present in the lake were DO (200.88 ± 28.25 kg), TSS (163.78 ± 18.19 kg), NH  -N (12.65 ± 13.90 kg), BOD (41.90 ± 23.95 kg),  COD  (1605.58 ± 74.68 kg), Pb (9.50 ± 0.90 kg) and Cd (2.81 ± 0.24 kg). The estimated total amount of polluted materials which flowed into the Langat River daily were TSS (27.81 ± 9.29 kg), NH  -N (2.12 ± 0.71 kg), BOD (7.01 ± 2.34 kg), COD (268.9 ± 89.78 kg), Pb (1.59 ± 0.53 kg) and Cd (0.47 ± 0.15 kg). The results from two way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.001) between rainy days and dry days for Pb. There were also significant differences (p < 0.05) between rainy days and dry days in term of TSS. There were significant differences (p <0.05) between stations in terms of temperature, DO and BOD. All sampling stations were categorized as  having Class II water that means a reasonably good water quality except S2 which was categorized as a Class III, which  means it was slightly polluted. On the overall, the Engineering Lake water of UKM Bangi Campus was categorizes as Class II-III. Some measures of IWRM were suggested for improvement of the lake‘s water quality and its environment, in achieving a healthy lake ecosystem which is in line with UKM’s theme of being a ‘University in A Garden’.

 

Key words : Water quality, lake, UKM, management, integrated

 

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