The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 12 No 1 (2008): 224 – 233

 

 

PENGHASILAN SURFAKTAN TAK BERION BERASASKAN LAURIL ALKOHOL DARIPADA TERBITAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT

 

Norhafipah Mohamad, Zarina Edris dan Mohd Ambar Yarmo

 

Makmal Pemangkinan, Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,

43600 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor.

 

Abstract

Non-ionic surfactant type of ethoxylated lauryl alcohol (LAT) based on lauryl alcohol product from palm oil was produced successfully. Ethoxylation reaction was carried out between EO with lauryl alcohol (C₁₂). Different moles  ratio of EO, reaction temperature and pressure were among various parameters investigated. The reaction was performed with KOH as a homogenous catalyst. LAT products were analyzed using FTIR, HPLC, foaming  test, value of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) and detergency. The formation of LAT molecule was indicated by the C-O stretching peak (ether group) at 900 – 1350 cm^-1   of the FTIR spectrum. Characterization using HPLC showed the retention time of 6.201 minutes for LAT-3 EO, 6.261 minutes for LAT-5 EO and 6.260 minutes for LAT-7 EO. Generally, the ethoxylated product has a good potential to be used as detergent and for industrial application.

 

Keywords: Ethoxylation reaction, ethoxylated lauryl alcohol, ethylene oxide, palm oil

 

References

1.       Alfonso, E. S., Citterio. A., Ramis-Ramos, G., Righetti, P. G. & Sebastiano, R. (2004) “Separation of Fatty Alcohol Polyethoxylates by Capillary Electrophoresis Through Easy Electroosmotic Flow Control with a Queternary Diammonium Salt” Journal of Chromatography A 1053. 235-239.

2.         Ishikawa, Y., Modler, R. & Mueller, S. (2004) Surfactants.

3.         Baumann,  H.  &  Biermann,  H.  (1992)  “Oleochemical  Surfactants  Today”  The  International  Journal  of  Oil  Palm Research & Development 6 (1).

4.         Johansson, I. & Svensson, M. (2001) “Surfactants Based on Fatty Acids and Other Natural  Hydrophobes” Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 6. 178-188.

5.         Bruni, S., DiSerio, M., Gobetto, R., Iengo, P. & Santacesaria E. (1996) “Ethoxylation of Fatty Alcohols Promoted by an Aluminium Alkoxide Sulphate Catalyst” Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 112. 235-251.

6.         Massey, N. (2005) “Predicting The Distribution of Ethoxylation Homologues with a Process Simulator” Chemstation, Inc. 1-9.

7.         DiSerio M., Santacesaria E. & Tesser R. (1995) “Role of Ethylene Oxide Solubility in the Ethoxylation Processes” Catalysis Today 24. 23-28.

8.         Rosen, M. H. (1978) “Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena” A. Wiley Interscience Publication. 272-291.

9.         Schwuger, A. M. (1971) Journal Am Oil Chemistry Society 48. 566.

10.      Sawicki, G. C. (2005) “Impact of Surfactant Composition and Surfactant Structure on Foam Control  Performance. Colloids and Surfaces” Physicohhem. Eng. Aspects 263. 226-232.

11.     Carter, D. K., Hill, E. A. & Monroe, K. R. (2005) “Surfactant Parameter Effects on Cleaning  Efficiency” Research Triangle Institute. 405-414.

12.     Mccoy, M. (2005) “Soap and Detergents”, C & EN Northeast News Bureau.

13.      http://media.wiley.com (2005).

14.      www.epu.jpm.my (2005).