Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 3 (2018): 471 - 476

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Murraya koenigii LEAVES EXTRACTS AGAINST MOSQUITO LARVAE

(Saringan Fitokimia dan Aktiviti Larvisid Ekstrak Daun Murraya koenigii Terhadap Larva Nyamuk)

Siti Suhaila Harith¹*, Syarifah Nurul Akma Syed Mohd¹, Noorshilawati Abdul Aziz², Marlina Mohd Mydin³, Nur Thabitah Shaikh Nasir¹

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences

²Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology

Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

³Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perak Kampus Tapah, 35400 Tapah, Perak, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: ssuhaila@pahang.uitm.edu.my

Received: 4 December 2016; Accepted: 1 December 2017

Abstract

Exploring new use of aromatic leaves of Murraya koenigii lead us to test it as pesticide. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was conducted to determine the active compounds using hexane and methanol solvents. The LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ values for both extracts against mosquito larvae were determined. This study was comprised of several methods namely collection of leaves of M. koenigii, extraction M. koenigii leaves with hexane and methanol sequentially, phytochemical screening and larvicidal bioassay on third instar larvae using three different concentrations (250, 500 and 750 ppm). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and glycoside for methanol extract meanwhile negative results were obtained for hexane. Larvicidal bioassay of methanol and hexane extraction crudes gave the lowest LC₅₀ and LT₅₀, which were 250 ppm and 450 ppm with 36 hours, respectively. The plant extracts showed larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae at 0.05 level of significance in terms of concentration for hexane and duration for methanol. High larvicidal activity of M. koenigii leaves was supported by the presence of phytochemicals that shows synergistic effects in terms of larvicidal action to mosquito larvae. This study demonstrated that M. koenigii could be an effective mosquito larvicide.

Keywords: Murraya koenigii, phytochemical screening, mosquito larvicides

Abstrak

Menerokai kegunaan baru daun aromatik Murraya koenigii membimbing kami untuk mengujinya sebagai racun perosak. Saringan fitokimia ekstrak-ekstrak telah dikendalikan untuk menentukan sebatian aktif menggunakan pelarut heksana dan metanol. Nilai LC₅₀ dan LT₅₀ untuk kedua-dua ekstrak terhadap larva-larva nyamuk telah ditentukan. Kajian ini terdiri daripada beberapa kaedah iaitu pengumpulan daun M. koenigii, pengekstrakan daun M. koenigii menggunakan heksana dan metanol secara berturutan, saringan fitokimia dan biocerakin larva ke atas larva instar III menggunakan tiga jenis kepekatan (250, 500 dan 750 ppm). Saringan fitokimia mendedahkan kehadiran alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid dan glikosid untuk ekstrak metanol manakala hasil negatif telah didapati untuk heksana. Biocerakin larva hasil ekstrak mentah metanol dan heksana memberi nilai LC₅₀ dan LT₅₀ terendah iaitu masing-masing 250 ppm dan 450 ppm selama 36 jam. Ekstrak tumbuhan menunjukkan aktiviti larvisid terhadap larva nyamuk pada tahap signifikan 0.05 dari segi kepekatan untuk heksana dan tempoh untuk metanol. Aktiviti larvisid daun M. koenigii yang tinggi telah disokong oleh kehadiran fitokimia yang menunjukkan kesan sinergi dari segi tindakan larvisid kepada larva nyamuk. Kajian ini menunjukkan M. koenigii boleh menjadi larvisid nyamuk yang berkesan.

Kata kunci: Murraya koenigii, saringan fitokimia, larvisid nyamuk

References

1. Singh, S., More, P. K. and Mohan, M. S. (2014). Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii Linn. sprengal) - A miracle plant. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 4(1): 46-52.

2. Arivoli, S., Ravindran, J. K. and Tennyson, S. (2012). Larvicidal efficacy of plant extracts against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi liston (Diptera: Culicidae). World Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(2): 77-80.

3. Vongsombath, C. (2011). Botanical repellents and pesticides traditionally used against haematophagous invertebrates in Lao PDR. PhD dissertation. Uppsala Universiti, Sweden.

4. Bhandary, S. K., Suchetha Kumari, N., Bhat, V. S., Sharmila, K. P. and Bekal, M. P. (2012). Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of Punica granatum peel, whole fruit and seeds. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 2(4): 34-38.

5. Zohra, S. F., Meriem, B., Samira, S. and Alsayadi, M. M. S. (2012). Phytochemical screening and identification of some compounds from Mallow. Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources, 2(4): 512-516.

6. Sharmila, S., Rebecca, L. J., Das, M. P., Saduzzaman, M. and Bala, S. (2013). A comparative study on phytochemical analysis of Murraya koenigii and Manilkara zapota. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 4(2): 1104-1109.

7. Wadood, A., Ghufran, M., Jamal, S. B., Naeem, M., Khan, A., Ghaffar, R. and Asnad (2013). Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants occurring in local area of Mardan. Journal of Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry, 2(4): 1-4.

8. Mathur, A., Dua, V. K. and Prasad, G. B. K. S. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii against aerobic bacteria associated with bovine mastitis. International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Pharmaceutical Research, 1(1): 12-16.

9. Ghosh, A., Chowdhury, N. and Chandra, G. (2012). Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 135: 581-598.

10. Wina, E., Muetzel, S. and Becker, L. (2005). The impact of saponins or saponin-containing plant materials on ruminant productions - a review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(21): 8093-8105.

11. Ashok, P. K. and Upadhyaya, K. (2012). Tannins are astringent. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(3): 45-50.

12. Shruthi, S., Handra, H. K. and Pandith, A. (2012). A review on Murraya koenigii: Multipotential medicinal plant. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5(4): 5-14.

13. Gutierrez, P. M., Antepuesto, A. N., Eugenio, B. A. L. and Santos, M. F. L. (2014). Larvicidal activity of selected plant extracts against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti mosquito. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(4): 23-32.

14. Harvae, G. and Kamath, V. (2004). Larvicidal activity of plant extracts used alone and in combination with known synthetic larvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti. Indian Journal of Experiment Biology, 42:1216-1219.

15. Abu Raihan, S. M. (2014). Effect of plant flavonoids on mosquito larvae. National University Journal of Science, 1(2): 26-30.