Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 1 (2019): 23 - 30

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2019-2301-03

 

 

 

WATER EXTRACT OF ONION PEEL ASH: AN EFFICIENT GREEN CATALYTIC SYSTEM FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ISOINDOLINE-1,3-DIONE DERIVATIVES

 

(Air Abu Kulit Bawang: Sistem Pemangkin Katalitik Hijau yang Effisien dalam Sintesis Terbitan Isoindolina-1,3-dion)

 

Poh Wai Chia^1,2*_, Poh Seng Chee¹, Mohd Haziq Aziz¹, Siti Aisha Mohd Radzi², Fu Siong Julius Yong², Su-Yin Kan³

 

¹School of Marine and Environmental Sciences

²Institute of Marine Biotechnology

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

³Faculty of Health Sciences,

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

 

*Corresponding author:  pohwai@umt.edu.my

 

 

Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 27 November 2018

 

 

Abstract

Isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives are important organic compounds associated with various interesting applications such as in the fields of material science, medicine, important building blocks and so on. Traditionally, the synthesis of isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives are achieved using harmful and toxic catalysts, such as concentrated sulphuric acid, triphenylphosphine, ionic liquid [bmim][BF₄] or phthalimide-N-sulfonic acid. Thus, the development of a greener catalytic system for the synthesis of isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives is highly sought after. In this work, an efficient synthesis of isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives using the Water Extract of Onion Peel Ash (WEOPA) method is described. The new approach provides several advantages including the non-usage of external acids, recyclable catalytic system, cheap and the yield of the synthesized products were obtained in moderate to good yields by reacting various anilines with phthalic anhydride. The current improved method is scientifically important, due to it avoid the use of environmental harmful reagents and at the same time provides an alternative method for bio-waste management.

 

Keywords:  water extract of onion peel ash, isoindoline-1,3-dione, recyclable catalytic system, anilines, phthalic anhydride

 

Abstrak

Terbitan isoindolina-1,3-dion adalah sebatian organik yang penting dan dikaitkan dengan pelbagai aplikasi yang menarik, seperti dalam bidang sains bahan, perubatan, blok bangunan penting dan sebagainya. Secara tradisinya, sintesis derivatif isoindolina-1,3-dion dicapai dengan menggunakan pemangkin berbahaya dan beracun, seperti asid sulfurik pekat, trifenilfosfin, cecair ionik [bmim] [BF₄] atau asid fitalimid-N-sulfonik. Oleh itu, pembangunan sistem pemangkin yang lebih hijau untuk sintesis derivatif isoindolina-1,3-dion sangat diperlukan. Dalam kerja ini, satu kaedah effisien dalam sintesis terbitan isoindolina-1,3-dion dengan menggunakan ekstrak air abu bawang dibincangkan disini. Kaedah baru ini memberikan pelbagai manfaat termasuk bebas daripada penggunaan asid luaran, sistem pemangkin kitar semula, murah dan hasil bagi produk sintesis yang didapati adalah sederhana hingga baik melalui tindak balas antara anilin-anilin dengan fitalik anhidrit. Kaedah yang ditambahbaik ini adalah penting secara saintifik, kerana ia mengelakkan penggunaan reagen berbahaya kepada alam sekitar dan pada masa yang sama menyediakan kaedah alternatif untuk pengurusan bio-sisa.

 

Kata kunci:  ekstrak air abu bawang merah, isoindolina-1,3-dion, system pemangkin kitar semula, anilin, fitalik anhidrit

 

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