Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2251-2269
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-10
Preparation
of Alpinia galanga Stem Based Activated Carbon via Single-step Microwave Irradiation for Cationic Dye
Removal
(Penyediaan Karbon Teraktif Berasaskan BatangAlpinia galangadengan Penyinaran Gelombang Mikro Satu Langkah untuk Penyingkiran Pewarna Kation)
N.A.
AHAMMAD, M.F.M. YUSOP, A.T. MOHD DIN & M.A. AHMAD*
School
of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Received:
29 September 2020/Accepted: 15 December 2020
ABSTRACT
The focal point of
this study is to synthesis Alpinia galanga Stem-based
activated carbon (AGSAC) by using single-step microwave irradiation and
testing it for the removal of cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) from aqueous
solution. AGSAC was prepared under the flow of carbon dioxide (CO2)
for the gasification effect. The factors of contact time (from 0 to 24 h) and
initial concentration (25-300 mg/L) on the adsorption performance of AGSAC were
studied. With the aid of response surface methodology (RSM) via face-centered composite design (FCD), optimum preparation
conditions for AGSAC were found to be 400 W for radiation power and 4 min for
activation time, respectively, which resulted in 95.67% of MB dye removal. The optimized AGSAC has a Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area of 172.19 m2/g,
mesopore surface area of 103.32 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.1077
cm3/g, and fixed carbon content of 47.63%. The pore diameter of
AGSAC was found to be a mesoporous type with a pore diameter of 2.50 nm. Freundlich
isotherm and pseudo-second-order were found as the best-fitted model for MB
adsorption equilibrium and kinetic respectively onto prepared AGSAC.
Intraparticle diffusion was found to be the rate-limiting step.
Keywords:
Activated carbon; adsorption; methylene blue; microwave irradiation; response
surface methodology
ABSTRAK
Fokus kajian ini adalah untuk sintesis karbon teraktif berasaskan Batang Alpinia galanga (AGSAC) dengan menggunakan penyinaran gelombang mikro satu langkah dan untuk menguji penyingkiran pewarna kation, metilena biru (MB) daripada larutan berair. AGSAC disediakan di bawah aliran karbon dioksida (CO2) untuk kesan gasifikasi. Faktor masa sentuh (dari 0 hingga 24 jam) dan kepekatan awal (25-300 mg/L) pada prestasi penjerapan AGSAC telah dikaji. Dengan bantuan kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM) melalui reka bentuk komposit berpusatkan wajah (FCD), keadaan persiapan optimum untuk AGSAC didapati 400 W bagi kuasa sinaran dan 4 min bagi masa pengaktifan, masing-masing, yang menghasilkan 95.67% penyingkiran pewarna MB. AGSAC yang dioptimumkan mempunyai luas permukaan Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) 172.19 m2/g, luas permukaan mesoliang 103.32 m2/g, jumlah liang total 0.1077 cm3/g dan kandungan karbon tetap 47.63%. Diameter liang AGSAC didapati jenis mesoliang dengan diameter liang 2.50 nm. Freundlich isoterm dan pseudo-peringkat-kedua didapati sebagai model yang
paling sesuai untuk keseimbangan penjerapan dan kinetik MB masing-masing pada
AGSAC yang telah disediakan. Penyebaran intrazarah didapati sebagai langkah pengehadan kadar.
Kata kunci: Kaedah gerak balas permukaan; karbon teraktif; metilena biru; penjerapan; penyinaran gelombang mikro
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*Corresponding
author; email: chazmier@usm.my
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