Sains Malaysiana 51(9)(2022): 2745-2756

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-01

Discarded Species in Artisanal Fisheries South Sumatra, Indonesia: Case Study on Crab Gill Nets

(Spesies Buangan dalam Perikanan Manual Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia: Kajian Kes Jaring Insang Ketam)

FAUZIYAH*, WIKE AYU EKA PUTRI, DESI ARIANTI, FITRI AGUSTRIANI, ROZIRWAN, ELLIS NURJULIASTI NINGSIH & ANNA IDA SUNARYO PURWIYANTO

Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Received: 8 July 2021/Accepted: 28 April 2022

Abstract

This study identified the discard species generated by the crab gillnet for targeting the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus 1758) in the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia. The fishing gear yielded the discarded catch about 12% (25.68 kg) of the total catch in weight (212.68 kg). For the discarded catch, 703 individuals represented 18 species from 3 phyla (Arthropoda, Chordata, and Mollusca). The crustaceans Charybdis helleri (Milne-Edwards 1867), Clibanarius spp., Matuta planipes(Fabricius 1798), and Libinia dubia(Milne Edwards 1834) were the majority components of these discards accounted for 90% of the total discards. Results of ecological classification rare, i.e., Chiloscyllium indicum(Gmelin 1789), and occasional, i.e., Chiloscyllium punctatum(Müller & Henle 1838), and Maculabatis macrura(Bleeker 1852) included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list as Vulnerable (C. indicum), Near Threatened (C. punctatum), and Endangered (M. macrura) category. Based on the IUCN status, two species of crustaceans i.e., Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille 1802) and Tachypleus gigas (Müller 1785) listed as ‘Data Deficient’. Discarded on crab gillnet fishing in Banyuasin waters is a challenge for species that need to be conserved (shark, ray, and horseshoe crabs). Species with IUCN red list status ranging from Data Deficient to Endangered were found dead, except for horseshoe crabs. Mitigation options offered include captive breeding of horseshoe crabs, the release of protected species when caught, and fishing gear modification. These findings can help design suitable mitigations for discarding crab gill nets.

Keywords: Conservation; crab gillnet; discard; ecological classification; IUCN status

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini mengenal pasti spesies buangan yang dijana oleh pukat ketam untuk menyasarkan ketam renang biru Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus 1758) di muara Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Peralatan tangkapan ikan ini menghasilkan tangkapan buang sekitar 12% (25.68 kg) daripada jumlah berat tangkapan (212.68 kg). Daripada tangkapan yang dibuang, terdapat 703 individu mewakili 18 spesies daripada 3 filum (Arthropoda, Chordata, dan Mollusca). Krustasea Charybdis helleri (Milne-Edwards 1867), Clibanarius spp., Matuta planipes (Fabricius 1798) dan Libinia dubia (Milne Edwards 1834) merupakan komponen majoriti dalam tangkapan buang yang menyumbang kepada 90% daripada jumlah buangan. Keputusan pengelasan ekologi langka menunjukkan Chiloscyllium indicum (Gmelin 1789) dan sekali-sekala, iaitu Chiloscyllium punctatum (Müller & Henle 1838) dan Maculabatis macrura (Bleeker 1852) termasuk dalam senarai merah International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) sebagai kategori rentan (C. indicum), hampir terancam (C. punctatum) dan Terancam (M. macrura). Berdasarkan status IUCN, dua spesies krustasea iaitu Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille 1802) dan Tachypleus gigas (Müller 1785) telah disenaraikan sebagai ‘Kekurangan Data’. Tangkapan buang pada pukat ketam di perairan Banyuasin merupakan cabaran bagi spesies yang perlu dipelihara (jerung, pari dan belangkas). Spesies dalam status senarai merah IUCN daripada Kekurangan Data hingga Terancam ditemui mati, kecuali belangkas. Pilihan mitigasi yang ditawarkan termasuk pembiakan kurungan belangkas, pembebasan spesies yang dilindungi apabila ditangkap dan pengubahsuaian peralatan menangkap ikan. Penemuan ini dapat membantu mereka bentuk kaedah mitigasi yang sesuai untuk pukat ketam terbuang.

Kata kunci: Buang; pemuliharaan; pengelasan ekologi; pukat ketam; status IUCN

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^*Corresponding author; email: fauziyahfauziyah07@gmail.com