Sains Malaysiana 51(9)(2022): 2757-2762

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-02

Bioaccumulation of Hexavalent Chromium in Commercially Edible Fish Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

(Biopengumpulan Kromium Heksavalen dalam Ikan Rumput Komersial Boleh Dimakan, Ctenopharyngodon idella)

SONIA ASLAM^1,*, ALI MUHAMMAD YOUSAFZAI¹ & ALEENA JAVED²

¹Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan

²Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

Received: 19 August 2021/Accepted: 31 March 2022

Abstract

The current research was conducted with the aim to investigate the rate of chromium accumulation in various tissues of commercially valuable freshwater fish, Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Investigation included various tissues of skin, muscles, liver, swim bladder, intestine, and gills in fish. For this purpose, the fish were exposed to sub lethal concentration of hexavalent chromium in the form of potassium dichromate with a dose of 120 mg/L for 40, 20 days and 10 mg/L for 7, 25, 40 and 60 days. Forty fish of the same weight and length (70.45±2.91 g and 7.32±0.16 inches) were used in the present research. Chromium was estimated after acid digestion of the sample tissues and further analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Spectra AA6300 China). The results showed that in all the experiments intestine remained the highly accumulative tissue and the accumulation of chromium in the intestine increased with the increase in exposure time i.e., 0.63±0.21 after 7 days, 0.83±0.35 after 25 and 1.63±0.44 after 60 days. Finding of this research work supports that the route of metal uptake was mainly oral instead of absorption by gills or skin.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation; chromium; grass carp; potassium dichromate

Abstrak

Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar pengumpulan kromium dalam pelbagai tisu ikan air tawar yang bernilai komersial, Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Kajian dilakukan terhadap pelbagai tisu kulit, otot, hati, pundi renang, usus dan insang ikan. Untuk tujuan ini, ikan didedahkan kepada kepekatan kromium heksavalen sub-maut dalam bentuk kalium dikromat dengan dos 120 mg/L selama 40, 20 hari dan 10 mg/L selama 7, 25, 40 dan 60 hari. Empat puluh ikan dengan berat dan panjang yang sama (70.45±2.91 g dan 7.32±0.16 inci) telah digunakan dalam penyelidikan ini. Kromium dianggarkan selepas penghadaman asid tisu sampel dan selanjutnya dianalisis melalui spektrofotometer serapan atom (Spectra AA6300 China). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa dalam semua uji kaji, usus kekal sebagai tisu terkumpul tinggi dan pengumpulan kromium dalam usus meningkat dengan peningkatan masa pendedahan iaitu 0.63±0.21 selepas 7 hari, 0.83±0.35 selepas 25 hari dan 1.63±0.44 selepas 60 hari. Penemuan penyelidikan ini menyokong bahawa laluan pengambilan logam berlaku melalui mulut dan bukannya penyerapan oleh insang atau kulit.

Kata kunci: Biopengumpulan; kalium dikromat; karp rumput; kromium

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^*Corresponding author; email: dua005@yahoo.com