Sains Malaysiana 51(8)(2022): 2725-2734

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-29

Kepentingan Output Tidak Diingini bagi Menentukan Kecekapan Utiliti Air di Malaysia

(Importance of Undesirable Outputs for Determining Water Utility Efficiency in Malaysia)

HO SOON CHENG & WAN ROSMANIRA ISMAIL^*

School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 13 Mac 2022/Diterima: 26 April 2022

Abstrak

Pengurusan air yang tidak cekap akan membebankan rakyat Malaysia. Pihak syarikat pengurusan air perlu menggunakan sumber secara optimum dan mengelakkan pembaziran. Untuk mengenal pasti kecekapan syarikat pengurusan air, input dan output yang sesuai perlu dipilih. Penggunaan output tidak diingini seperti air tidak terhasil (juta liter sehari) jarang diambil perhatian dalam pengukuran kecekapan perkhidmatan bekalan air dan lebih kerap melibatkan input diingini seperti ukur panjang paip (km) dan kos pengendalian (RM '000) manakala output yang diingini pula adalah penggunaan air yang dibilkan (juta liter sehari). Oleh yang demikian, model Charnes, Cooper dan Rhodes (CCR) serta model Banker, Charnes dan Cooper (BCC) dalam kaedah Analisis Pengumpulan Data (APD) digunakan untuk menentukan skor kecekapan Unit Pembuatan Keputusan (UPK) iaitu syarikat pengurusan air di setiap negeri dan Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan di Malaysia pada tahun 2015, 2016 dan 2017 sama ada menggunakan output tidak diingini atau tidak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan model BCC dengan output tidak diingini menunjukkan purata skor kecekapan yang lebih tinggi bagi tahun 2015, 2016 dan 2017. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan syarikat pengurusan air di Johor, Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan, Melaka, Pulau Pinang, Sarawak dan Selangor dapat digunakan sebagai penanda aras untuk mencapai kecekapan dalam pengurusan air.

Kata kunci: Analisis Pengumpulan Data; kecekapan; output tidak diingini; utiliti air

Abstract

Inefficient water management will burden Malaysians. Water management companies need to use resources optimally and avoid waste. To identify the efficiency of a water management company, appropriate inputs and outputs need to be selected. The use of undesirable output such as non-revenue water (million liters per day) is rarely taken into account in measuring the efficiency of water supply services and more often involves desired inputs such as pipe length (km) and operating costs (RM '000) while the desired output is consumption billed water (million liters a day). Therefore, Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) model and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) model in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method are used to determine the efficiency score of Decision Making Unit (DMU) which is water management company in each state and The Federal Territory of Labuan in Malaysia in 2015, 2016 and 2017 whether using undesirable output or not. The results showed that BCC models with undesirable outputs showed higher average efficiency scores for 2015, 2016 and 2017. The results also showed water management companies in Johor, Federal Territory of Labuan, Melaka, Penang, Sarawak, and Selangor can be used as benchmarks to achieve efficiency in water management.

Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis; efficiency; undesirable output; water utility

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat: email: wrismail@ukm.edu.my