Sains Malaysiana 51(8)(2022): 2735-2743

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-30  

Penentuan Jenis Akuifer di Kota Belud, Sabah menggunakan Kaedah Seismik Pantulan

(Determination of Aquifer Type at Kota Belud, Sabah using Seismic Reflection Method)

FATIN NABILAHUDA ISMAIL¹, NORSYAFINA ROSLAN^1,*, JAINEH LINGI², UMAR HAMZAH¹ & NORASIAH SULAIMAN¹

¹Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Malaysia, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 13 Mac 2022/Diterima: 29 April 2022

Abstrak

Punca air amat penting bagi kegunaan harian dan kegiatan ekonomi pertanian. Bekalan air bersih di kawasan Pantai Barat Kota Belud, Sabah terhad terutamanya sewaktu musim kemarau. Oleh itu, air bawah tanah boleh dijadikan sebagai punca bekalan air alternatif. Satu kajian telah dijalankan bagi menentukan jenis akuifer di Pantai Barat Kota Belud untuk tujuan ini. Berdasarkan cerapan lapangan pada singkapan yang dijumpai di Kampung Piasau dan analisis log lubang gerudi di Kampung Ratau, kawasan kajian terdiri daripada selang lapis batu pasir dan syal. Gabungan kaedah pemetaan profil luluh hawa dan seismik pantulan menggunakan teknik pemprofilan titik tengah sepunya (CMP) menunjukkan akuifer di kawasan kajian adalah jenis akuifer batu pasir teretak yang boleh mencecah ketebalan sehingga 300 m. Kehadiran kekar pada singkapan batu pasir yang mempunyai gred luluh hawa II hingga IV dan struktur sesar normal dan sesar sungkup di bahagian subpermukaan (melalui pentafsiran data seismik pantulan di Kampung Piasau dan Kampung Kalibungan) telah meningkatkan keliangan dan ketertelapan batu pasir sebagai akuifer. 

Kata kunci: Akuifer teretak; batu pasir; Kota Belud

Abstract

Water resources are very important for daily use and agricultural economic activities. Clean water supply in the West Coast of Kota Belud, Sabah is limited especially during the drought season.  Therefore, groundwater is proposed to be used as an alternative source of water supply. A study has been carried out to determine the type of aquifer on the West Coast of Kota Belud area for this purpose. Based on the field observation on the outcrop of Kampung Piasau and analysis of boreholes in Kampung Ratau, the study area comprises of interbedded sandstone and shale layers. The combination of weathering profile mapping and seismic reflection method using Common Midpoint Profiling (CMP) technique showed that the aquifer of the study area is classified as fractured sandstone aquifer (up to 300 m thick). The presence of joints in the grade II to IV weathered sandstone outcrops, and the normal and reverse faults structures (derived from seismic reflection that showed in the subsurface data in Kampung Piasau and Kampung Kalibungan), have increased the porosity and permeability in sandstones as an aquifer.

Keywords: Fractured aquifer; Kota Belud; sandstone

Rujukan

Ibrahim Komoo & Mogana, S.N. 1988. Physical characterization of weathering profile of classic metasedimen in Peninsular Malaysia. Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference Geomech in Tropical Soil 1: 37-42.

Jaineh Linggi, Zulherry Isnain & Baba Musta. 2019. Effect of rainfalls and air temperature on groundwater levels in Kedamaian Basin, Kota Belud, Sabah. Warta Geologi 45(3): 271-275.

Kirsch, R. 2006. Aquifer structures-pore aquifers. Dlm. Groundwater Geophysics: A Tool for Hydrogeology, disunting oleh Kirsch, R. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer. hlm. 23-83.

Kruseman, G.P. & de Ridder, N.A. 2000. Analysis and Evaluation of Pumping Test Data. Edisi ke-2. The Netherlands: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement.

Majeed Faisal, S. Abd. Kadir S. Omang & Sanudin Tahir. 1995. Geology of Kota Kinabalu and its implications to groundwater potential. Geological Society of Malaysia 38: 11-20.

Mazlan Madon, Kessler, F.L., Jong, J. & Mohd Khairul Azrafy Amin. 2020. “Fractured basement” play in the Sabah Basin? - the Crocker and Kudat Formations as hydrocarbon reservoirs and their risk factors. Geological Society of Malaysia 69: 157-171.

Noran Nabilla Nor Azlan, Simon, N., Azimah Hussin, Roslee, R. & Lee, K.E. 2017. Pencirian sifat kimia bahan tanah pada cerun gagal di sepanjang Jalan Ranau-Tambunan, Sabah, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 46(6): 867-877.

Norhayati Mohd Rawi, Nursabrina Syahirah Hairudin, Simon, N., Lee, K.E. & Norsyafina Roslan. 2020. Hidrogeologi dan geokimia air bawah tanah di Daerah Tampin, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 49(3): 493-502.

Roslee, R., Sanudin Tahir, Nor Samihah Abdullah Zawawi, Hafzan Eva Mansor & S. Abd. Kadir S. Omang. 2008. Engineering geological assessment on slope design in the mountainous area of Sabah Western, Malaysia: A Case Study from the Ranau-Tambunan, Penampang-Tambunan and Kimanis-Keningau Road. An International Conference on Recent Advances in Engineering Geology. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Sanudin Tahir &  Baba  Musta.  2007.  Pengenalan  kepada  Stratigrafi. Kota Kinabalu:  Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

Sanudin Tahir, Kong Vui, Baba Musta & Junaidi Asis. 2017. Facies and sandstone characteristics of the Kudat Formation, Sabah, Malaysia. Geological Behavior1(2): 20-25.

Teoh, Y.J. 2007. Characteristics of sedimentary facies and reservoir properties of some tertiary sandstones in Sabah and Sarawak, East Malaysia. Tesis Sarjana Sains, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (Tidak Diterbitkan).

Umar Hamzah, Abd. Rahim Samsudin, Abd. Ghani Rafek & Haryono. 1996.  Application of shallow seismic reflection in delineating Bacok groundwater aquifers. Warta Geologi22(3): 167-172.

^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: finalan@ukm.edu.my