Sains Malaysiana 39(2)(2010): 267–273

Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Nanorods using Reverse Microemulsion and Hydrothermal Processing Routes

(Penyediaan dan Pencirian Nanorod Kalsium Fosfat melalui Kaedah Microemulsi Songsang dan Hidroterma)

H.N. Lim* & A. Kassim

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

N.M. Huang

Solid State Physics Research Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 07 October 2008 / Accepted: 14 August 2009

ABSTRACT

Brushite (BR) and hydroxyapatite(HA) nanoparticles were fabricated through reverse microemulsion and hydrothermal processing route, respectively. The processing routes influenced nucleation and crystal growth although both methods resulted in nanorods formation. The calcium-to-phosphate ratio was 1.67, similar to that of natural bone and teeth. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the nanorods possessed almost pure crystal phase with negligible second phase. The ratio of particle length-to-width of BR and HA were approximately 3 and 4, respectively. To mimic the natural bone, chitosan/brushite(CTS/BR) and chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CTS/HA) nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared through rapid freeze-drying technique. The compressive strength of CTS/BR and CTS/HA nanocomposite scaffolds was compared for the first time. The compression test revealed that both the nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited reasonably high compressive strength of approximately 7 MPa. This value falls in the high-end range of cancellous bone’s compressive strength, with the compressive strength of CTS/HA 0.88 MPa more than CTS/BR.

Keywords: Calcium phosphate nanoparticles; compressive strength; crystal growth; hydrothermal; microemulsion

ABSTRAK

Nanozarah brushit(BR) dan nanozarah hidroksiapatoit (HA) masing-masing disediakan melalui kaedah mikroemulsi songsang dan hidroterma. Kedua-dua kaedah penyediaan nanozarah mempengaruhi penukleusan dan pertumbuhan hablur walaupun kaedah-kaedah tersebut menghasilkan nanorod. Nisbah kalsium kepada fosfat ialah 1.67, serupa dengan nisbah tulang dan gigi asli. Corak pembelauan sinar-X menunjukkan kedua-dua nanorod itu memiliki fasa hablur yang hampir tulen dengan kehadiran fasa kedua yang boleh diabaikan. Nisbah panjang kepada lebar zarah bagiBR dan HA adalah masing-masing lebih kurang 3 dan 4. Untuk meniru tulang asli, rangka nanokomposit kitosan/brushit (CTS/BR) dan kitosan/hidroksiapatit (CTS/HA) disediakan menerusi teknik sejuk beku pantas. Kekuatan mampatan rangka nanokomposit CTS/BR dan CTS/HA telah dibandingkan buat pertama kali. Ujian mampatan menunjukkan kekuatan mampatan yang memuaskan bagi kedua-dua rangka nanokomposit, iaitu lebih kurang 7 MPa. Nilai ini berada dalam julat kekuatan di sebelah hujung tinggi bagi tulang kancelus, dengan kekuatan mampatan CTS/HA 0.88 MPa melebihi CTS/BR.

Kata kunci: hidroterma; kekuatan mampatan; mikroemulsi; nanozarah kalsium fosfat; pertumbuhan hablur

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*Corresponding author; email: janet_limhn@yahoo.com