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Sains Malaysiana 42(7)(2013): 911–920
Diversity of Fusarium Species Associated with
Post-harvest
Fruit Rot Disease of Tomato
(Kepelbagaian Spesies Fusarium yang Berassosiasi dengan
Penyakit
Lepas Tuai Reput Buah Tomato)
A.I.
Abu Bakar, M.Z. Nur Ain Izzati * & Y. Umi KAlsom
Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400
Serdang, Selangor D.E. Malaysia
A.I.
Abu Bakar
Department
of Integrated Science, School of Science Education
Federal
College of Education (Technical) Bichi, P.M.B 3473, Kano State, Nigeria
Received:
16 April 2012/Accepted: 15 November 2012
ABSTRACT
Diversity of Fusarium Species Associated with
Post-harvest
Fruit Rot Disease of Tomato
(Kepelbagaian Spesies Fusarium yang Berasosiasi dengan
Penyakit
Lepas Tuai Reput Buah Tomato)
A.I.
Abu Bakar, M.Z. Nur Ain Izzati * & Y. Umi KAlsom
Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400
Serdang, Selangor D.E. Malaysia
A.I.
Abu Bakar
Department
of Integrated Science, School of Science Education
Federal
College of Education (Technical) Bichi, P.M.B 3473, Kano State, Nigeria
Diserahkan:
16 April 2012/Diterima: 15 November 2012
ABSTRACT
Fusarium species is one of the common pathogens of post-harvest
disease to cause rot on tomato and other perishable vegetable fruits. The
objectives of this study were to determine the diversity of Fusarium
isolated species from post-harvest diseases of tomato fruit, to identify the
causal organisms by using phenotype characteristics and to verify the pathogens
of Fusarium fruit of tomato based on pathogenicity test. Carnation
leaf-piece agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA)
media were used for phenotype-based identification of the Fusarium isolates
with emphasis for characterizations of the shapes and sizes of the macroconidia
and microconidia, colony features, growth rates, conidiogenous cells and
chlamydospores. A total of 180 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 13
locations throughout Selangor. Fusarium solani was most abundantly
isolated (34%) followed by F. semitectum (31%) and F. oxysporum (31%), F. subglutinans (3%) while the least was F. equiseti (1%). Twenty seven isolates were tested for pathogenicity test by
injecting 1 mL of the conidial suspension onto healthy tomatoes. All the tested Fusarium isolates were pathogenic on tomato with different severity
levels. The non-inoculated controls showed no symptoms of fruit rot. The most
virulent was F. oxysporum isolate B711T with DSI 93.75%,
while the least were isolates of F. solani (B647T) and F. oxysporum (B727T)
with DSI 37.5%. Majority of the isolated Fusarium species
can potentially produce mycotoxins as their secondary metabolites. The
potential production of mycotoxins by pathogenic isolates of Fusarium species
in contaminated tomato fruits could pose health hazards when consumed.
Keywords: Disease severity index; fruit; Fusarium; pathogen; post-harvest; tomato
ABSTRAK
Spesies Fusarium merupakan salah satu patogen biasa lepas tuai yang menyebabkan penyakit reput buah tomato, sayuran dan buah lembut yang lain. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti kepelbagaian spesies Fusarium yang dipencilkan daripada penyakit reput lepas tuai tomato, mengenal pasti organisma penyebab berasaskan ciri fenotip dan mengesahkan patogen
penyakit reput Fusarium tomato
berasaskan ujian kepatogenan. Agar keratan daun teluki (CLA) dan agar
kentang dekstrosa (PDA) digunakan untuk pengenalpastian isolat Fusarium berasaskan ciri fenotip yang menumpukan
bentuk dan saiz makrokonidia dan mikrokonidia, ciri koloni, kadar pertumbuhan,
sel konidiogen dan klamidospora. Sejumlah 180 isolat Fusarium diperoleh dari 13 lokasi sekitar Selangor. F. solani adalah yang terbanyak dipencilkan (34%) diikuti oleh F. semitectum (31%), F. oxysporum (31%), F. subglutinans (3%), di mana yang paling sedikit adalah F. equiseti (1%). Dua puluh tujuh isolat Fusarium diuji dalam ujian kepatogenan dengan menyuntik 1 mL ampaian konidia ke atas tomato sihat. Kesemua isolat Fusarium yang diuji adalah patogenik ke atas tomato pada tahap keseriusan yang berbeza. Tomato yang tidak diinokulat tidak menunjukkan sebarang simptom reput
buah. Isolat B711T F. oxysporum merupakan isolat yang paling virulen dengan DSI 93.75%, sementara yang paling lemah adalah isolat F. solani (B647T) dan F. oxysporum (B727T) dengan DSI 37.5%. Majoriti spesies Fusarium yang dipencilkan berpotensi menghasilkan mikotoksin sebagai metabolit sekunder. Kebolehan menghasilkan mikotoksin oleh isolat yang
patogenik pada buah tomato yang dijangkiti boleh menyebabkan keracunan dan masalah kesihatan jika dimakan.
Kata kunci: Fusarium; indeks keseriusan penyakit; lepas tuai; patogen; penyakit reput buah; tomato
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*Corresponding
author; email: izzati@science.upm.edu.my
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