Sains Malaysiana 50(11)(2021): 3219-3229

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-06

Enhanced Drought Tolerance of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) by Grafting Method

 (Peningkatan Toleransi Kemarau Kopi Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) melalui Kaedah Cantuman)

NGOC-THANG VU¹, JONG-MAN PARK², NGOC-QUAT NGUYEN³, TRONG-TRUONG-SON NGUYEN⁴, IL-SOEP KIM ²& DONG-CHEOL JANG²*

¹Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam

²Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea

³Field Crops Research Institute, Hai Duong, Vietnam

⁴Hanoi University of Natural Resource and Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam

Received: 1 May 2020/Accepted: 16 March 2021

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate grafting method to improve the drought tolerance of Coffea arabica. Using C. arabica species as scions, and C. robusta as rootstock, the grafted plant was compared with the non-grafted plant (C. arabica) under water deficit condition. The result shown that growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of the grafted coffee plants were higher than those of the non-grafted. The leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants were highly reduced in non-grafted coffee plants. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values of the grafted and non-grafted coffee plants decreased significantly with increasing duration under water deficit condition. The SPAD and Fv/Fm values of the two coffee types were also increased significantly with increasing duration after re-watering. Compared to the non-grafted plants, higher values of SPAD, Fv/Fm and relative water content in the leaf were observed in the grafted coffee plants. Moreover, lower values of relative ion leakage were observed in the grafted coffee plants after three days of water withholding and one month after re-watering. On the other hand, the grafted coffee plants showed enhanced drought tolerance by reducing the percentages of wilting plant under water deficit condition, and increasing the recovery percentages after re-watering.

Keywords: Coffee; drought tolerance; grafting; growth; physiology

ABSTRAK

Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai kaedah cantuman untuk meningkatkan toleransi kemarau Coffea arabica. Dengan menggunakan spesies C. arabica sebagai skion dan C. robusta sebagai stok akar, tanaman yang dicantumkan dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak dicantumkan (C. arabica) dalam keadaan kekurangan air. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa parameter pertumbuhan seperti tinggi tanaman, panjang daun dan lebar daun tanaman kopi yang dicantumkan lebih tinggi berbanding tanaman kopi yang tidak dicantumkan. Luas daun, berat tanaman segar dan kering sangat berkurang pada tanaman kopi yang tidak dicantumkan. Nilai kandungan klorofil daun (SPAD) dan pendarfluor klorofil (Fv/Fm) tanaman kopi yang dicantum dan tidak dicantumkan menurun dengan ketara dengan peningkatan tempoh dalam keadaan kekurangan air. Nilai SPAD dan Fv/Fm daripada kedua-dua jenis kopi juga meningkat dengan ketara selari dengan peningkatan tempoh selepas penyiraman semula. Berbanding dengan tanaman yang tidak dicantumkan, nilai SPAD, Fv/Fm dan kandungan air relatif dalam daun dilihat lebih tinggi pada tanaman kopi yang dicantumkan. Tambahan pula, nilai kebocoran ion relatif yang lebih rendah diperhatikan pada tanaman kopi yang dicantumkan setelah tiga hari tidak disiram dan satu bulan setelah penyiraman semula. Sebaliknya, tanaman kopi yang dicantumkan menunjukkan peningkatan toleransi kekeringan dengan mengurangkan peratusan tanaman layu dalam keadaan kekurangan air dan meningkatkan peratusan pemulihan setelah penyiraman semula.

Kata kunci: Cantuman; fisiologi; kunci; pertumbuhan; toleransi kemarau

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*Corresponding author; email: jdc@kangwon.ac.kr