Sains Malaysiana 51(10)(2022): 3261-3269

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-12

FTIR- and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-based Metabolomics of Sonchus arvensis Extracts and Evaluation of Their Free Radical Scavenging Activity

(Metabolomik Berasaskan FTIR- dan UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS bagi Ekstrak Sonchus arvensis dan Penilaian Aktiviti Penghapusan Radikal Bebasnya)

MOHAMAD RAFI^1,2,3,*, TRIYANI HASANAH⁴, ALFI HUDATUL KAROMAH¹, ADE HERI MULYATI⁴, TRIVADILA^1,2, MIN RAHMINIWATI⁵, SUMINAR SETIATI ACHMADI^1,2 & DYAH ISWANTINI^1,2

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16880, Indonesia

²Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Jalan Taman Kencana No. 3 Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor 16128, Indonesia

³Advance Research Laboratory, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Jalan Palem Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

⁴Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pakuan University, Bogor 16143, Indonesia

⁵Division of Pharmacology, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia

Received: 22 December 2021/Accepted: 23 May 2022

Abstract

Sonchus arvensis, known as sowthistle, belongs to Asteraceae and contains numerous phenolic acids and flavonoids that exhibit antioxidants. The type of extraction solvent will affect biological activity level, resulting in different metabolite profiles that metabolomics approaches can evaluate by fingerprint analysis using FTIR spectrophotometry and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra and the metabolite profile of UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS were grouped using principal component analysis (PCA). This study aimed to clustering S. arvensis extracts based on different extracting solvents using the FTIR spectra and the detected metabolites and evaluate the free radical scavenging activity. The 50% ethanol extract gave higher free radical scavenging activity and more metabolites than the ethanol p.a. and water extracts. It indicates that the free radical scavenging activity is affected by the metabolites contained in the extract. Using a combination of the FTIR spectra and the peak area of the identified metabolites, S. arvensis extract can be grouped according to the extracting solvent. Thus, the extracting solvent affects the composition of the metabolites, resulting in different free radical scavenging activity levels.

Keywords: Antioxidant; FTIR; LC-MS/MS; metabolite profiling; Sonchus arvensis

Abstrak

Sonchus arvensis dikenali sebagai sowthistle, tergolong dalam Asteraceae dan mengandungi banyak asid fenol dan flavonoid yang mempamerkan antioksidan. Jenis pelarut pengekstrakan akan mempengaruhi tahap aktiviti biologi, menghasilkan profil metabolit berbeza yang pendekatan metabolomik boleh dinilai dengan analisis cap jari menggunakan spektrofotometri FTIR dan UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Tambahan pula, keputusan spektrum FTIR dan profil metabolit UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS telah dikumpulkan menggunakan analisis komponen utama (PCA). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengelaskan ekstrak S. arvensis berdasarkan pelarut pengekstrakan yang berbeza menggunakan spektrum FTIR dan metabolit yang dikesan dan menilai aktiviti perencatan radikal bebas. Keputusan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak etanol 50% mempunyai aktiviti perencatan radikal bebas yang lebih tinggi dan bilangan metabolit yang lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak etanol p.a. dan ekstrak air. Ini menunjukkan bahawa aktiviti perencatan radikal bebas dipengaruhi oleh metabolit yang terkandung dalam ekstrak. Menggunakan gabungan spektrum FTIR dan kawasan puncak metabolit yang dikenal pasti, S. arvensis boleh dikumpulkan mengikut pelarut pengekstrakan. Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperoleh, pelarut pengekstrakan mempengaruhi komposisi metabolit, mengakibatkan tahap aktiviti perencatan radikal bebas yang berbeza.

Kata kunci: Antioksidan; FTIR; LC-MS/MS; profil metabolit; Sonchus arvensis

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^*Corresponding author; email: mra@apps.ipb.ac.id