Sains Malaysiana 51(11)(2022): 3579-3590

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5111-06

Pathogenic Effects and Prepatent Periods of Trypanosoma evansi Isolates from Indonesia in Mice

(Kesan Patogen dan Tempoh Prapaten Pengasingan Trypanosoma evansi pada Mencit dari Indonesia)

DYAH H. SAWITRI¹, APRIL H. WARDHANA^1,2, MOHAMAD SADIKIN³, HERI WIBOWO⁴ & MARC DESQUESNES⁵

¹Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Science, Bogor, Indonesia 16114

²Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

³Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of   Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁴Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁵InterTryp, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France

Received: 27 July 2021/Accepted: 16 June 2022

Abstract

Trypanosoma evansi is an extracellular blood protozoan parasite that causes Surra in livestock, but only a few studies have been conducted on the pathogenicity of its isolates. Meanwhile, it was discovered that the rate of parasite growth and the length of the prepatent periods were equivalent in different strains of cattle and mice. Thus, further research into the pathogenic effects and pre-patent periods of T. evansi in mice is necessary to aid in the epidemiological understanding and field treatment strategy for Surra. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the pathogenic potential of T. evansi isolates from Indonesia and their prepatent periods. A total of 32 T. evansi isolates from various regions in Indonesia were inoculated intraperitoneally into three male DDY mice (10⁴ parasites/0.3 mL) for each isolate. Additionally, the parasitaemia level and mortality of the mice were determined every 2 days, and the data were analysed using ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. The results indicated that T. evansi isolates exhibited virulence levels classified as high, moderate and low. Each virulence exhibited a distinct parasitaemia pattern. However, high virulence was not associated with short prepatent periods. The results indicated that the surra epidemic in Indonesia is characterised by strains with varying degree of virulence in water buffaloes necessitating the development of effective treatment strategies.

Keywords: Mice; pathogenic; prepatent; Trypanosoma evansi; virulence

Abstrak

Trypanosoma evansi ialah parasit protozoa darah ekstrasel yang menyebabkan Surra dalam ternakan, tetapi hanya beberapa kajian telah dijalankan tentang kepatogenan pencilannya. Sementara itu, kadar pertumbuhan parasit dan panjang tempoh prapaten dalam pelbagai jenis lembu dan mencit didapati adalah setara. Oleh itu, penyelidikan lanjut mengenai kesan kepatogenan dan tempoh pra-paten T. evansi dalam mencit adalah perlu untuk membantu dalam pemahaman epidemiologi dan strategi rawatan lapangan untuk Surra. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan potensi patogen bagi pencilan T. evansi dari Indonesia dan tempoh prapatennya. Sebanyak 32 pencilan T. evansi dari pelbagai wilayah di Indonesia telah disuntik secara intraperitoneal ke dalam tiga mencit DDY jantan (10⁴ parasit/0.3 mL) bagi setiap pencilan. Di samping itu, tahap parasitemia dan kematian mencit ditentukan setiap 2 hari dan data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan tahap keyakinan 95%. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pencilan T. evansi menunjukkan tahap kevirulenan yang dikelaskan sebagai tinggi, sederhana dan rendah. Setiap kevirulenan mempamerkan corak parasitemia yang berbeza. Namun begitu, kevirulenan yang tinggi tidak dikaitkan dengan tempoh prapaten yang singkat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa wabak surra di Indonesia dicirikan oleh strain dengan pelbagai tahap kevirulenan dalam kerbau air yang memerlukan pembangunan strategi rawatan yang berkesan.

Kata kunci: Kevirulenan; mencit; patogen; prapaten; Trypanosoma evansi

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^*Corresponding author; email: dyah.haryuningtyas@gmail.com