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Sains
Malaysiana 51(2)(2022): 451-460
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-10
Tropical
Soil Bacterial Diversity in Sabah, Malaysia
(Kepelbagaian
Bakteria Tanah Tropika di Sabah, Malaysia)
CHIN LAI MUN &
CLEMENTE MICHAEL WONG VUI LING*
Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti
Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Received: 15 September 2020/Accepted:
27 May 2021
ABSTRACT
Bacteria are an essential biological component of soil
function that plays fundamental roles in biogeochemical cycling, soil quality
improvement, habitat-shaping, and ecosystem conservation. It is therefore
important to have a good record of soil bacteria in the tropics in order to
monitor future changes that may occur due to global warming and other factors.
However, extremely limited data are available on the diversity of bacteria in
soils in some tropical Borneo regions such as Sabah, Malaysia. This research,
therefore, was undertaken to determine the bacterial diversity of soils from
various locations in Sabah, Malaysia. Ten soil samples (n=10) were collected
around Sabah. 16S rDNA of bacterial DNA extracted from soils were amplified and
analysed using the Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). A total of
100 dominant and well-defined DNA fragments observed in the DGGE gel were
extracted, sequenced, and aligned. The results indicated that 93 different
bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing bacteria from 8
different phyla were present. The most abundant phyla in the analysed Sabah
soils were Proteobacteria followed by Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes,
Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. The
examined soils of Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia had similar dominant phyla in
general, except that the most dominant phylum in Peninsular Malaysia soils is
the Acidobacteria instead of Proteobacteria.
These baseline data generated from this work are important and can be used to
track bacterial diversity shifts due to soil or environmental changes in the
future.
Keywords: 16S rDNA; bacterial diversity; DGGE; Sabah; tropics
ABSTRAK
Bakteria adalah komponen biologi penting dalam fungsi tanah yang
memainkan peranan asas seperti pengitaran biogeokimia, peningkatan kualiti tanah, pembentukan habitat dan
pemuliharaan ekosistem. Oleh itu, rekod yang baik mengenai bakteria
tanah di kawasan tropika adalah penting untuk diperoleh bagi memantau perubahan
pada masa akan datang yang mungkin berlaku akibat pemanasan global dan faktor
lain. Walau bagaimanapun, jumlah data tentang kepelbagaian bakteria dalam tanah
dari kawasan tropika Borneo tertentu seperti Sabah, Malaysia adalah sangat
terhad. Oleh itu, projek ini
dijalankan untuk menentukan kepelbagaian bakteria tanah dari pelbagai lokasi di
Sabah, Malaysia. Sebanyak 10 sampel tanah (n=10) dikumpulkan dari
sekitar Sabah. 16S rDNA daripada DNA bakteria yang diekstrak diamplifikasikan
dan dianalisis menggunakan Penyahaslian
Gradien Gel Elektroforesis(DGGE). Sebanyak 100 fragmen DNA yang dominan
dan jelas dicerap dalam gel DGGE telah diekstrak, dijujuk dan dijajarkan.
Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa 93 unit operasi taksonomi
(OTU) bakteria yang berbeza mewakili bakteria daripada 8 filum yang berbeza
telah dijumpai. Filum yang paling banyak dalam tanah dari Sabah yang telah
dianalisis adalah Proteobakteria diikuti oleh Asidobakteria, Firmikutes,
Aktinobakteria, Planktomisetes, Verrukomikrobia, Klorofleksi dan Bakteroidetes. Tanah di Sabah dan Semenanjung Malaysia yang diperiksa mempunyai
filum dominan yang serupa pada umumnya, kecuali filum yang paling dominan dalam
tanah di Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu Asidobakteria dan bukannya Proteobakteria. Data asas yang
direkodkan dalam kajian ini adalah penting dan boleh digunakan untuk mengesan
perubahan kepelbagaian bakteria yang disebabkan oleh perubahan tanah atau
persekitaran pada masa akan datang.
Kata kunci: 16S rDN; DGGE; kepelbagaian bakteria; Sabah; tropika
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*Corresponding
author; email: michaelw@ums.edu.my
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