Sains Malaysiana 44(11)(2015): 1567–1572

Selection of High Yielding Jatropha curcas L. Accessions for Elite Hybrid Seed Production

(Pemilihan Aksesi Hasil Tertinggi Jatropha curcas L. untuk Penghasilan Benih Hibrid Elit)

NURUL HIDAYAH CHE MAT¹, MD ATIQUR RAHMAN BHUIYAN^1,2, SIJU SENAN¹,

ZAHIRA YAAKOB²& WICKNESWARI RATNAM¹*

¹Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Agriculture and Food Security Program, BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Diserahkan: 28 Mac 2015/Diterima: 3 Julai 2015

ABSTRACT

Phenotypic selection of individuals is the first step in a selective breeding program for elite hybrid seed production. In this study, a total of 295 Jatropha curcas individuals raised from cuttings representing 21 accessions, collected from eight different countries were evaluated for growth performance. The evaluation was done at the Biodiesel Research Station of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Pilah from December 2012 to December 2013. Individual plants from each accession were observed on several agronomic and yield related traits and all the data were recorded periodically. Performance of each accession was analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 9.4. Four traits which were plant height (PH), number of flowers per inflorescence (NFI), number of female flowers per inflorescence (NFFPI) and hundred seed weight (HSW) showed significant differences among the accessions after one year of planting. Maximum values for each trait were 115.5 cm for PH, 6 for number of branches per plant (BPP), 9 for number of inflorescences per plant (NIPP), 25 for number of fruits per plant (NFPP), 5 for number of fruits per inflorescence (NFPI), 191 for NFI, 10 for NFFPI, 81.0 g for HSW and 70 for number of seeds per plant (NSPP). Accession number 1 from Thailand showed the best performance for most traits. A highly significant and positive correlation was found between NFPP and NSPP. Based on superior trait values for NIPP, NFPP, NFPI, NFI, NFFPI and HSW, five plants from accession UKMJC 01, 04, 05, 13 and 14 have been selected for generating elite intraspecific hybrids.

Keywords: Hybrid seed; Jatropha curcas; yield influencing traits

ABSTRAK

Pemilihan fenotip secara individu merupakan langkah pertama dalam program pembiakan memilih untuk menghasilkan benih hibrid elit. Kajian ini menilai prestasi pertumbuhan sebanyak 295 individu daripada Jatropha curcas yang diperoleh daripada keratan batang. Individu ini mewakili 21 aksesi yang diperoleh dari lapan buah negara dinilai untuk prestasi pertumbuhan. Penilaian ini telah dilakukan di Stesen Penyelidikan Biodiesel Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Pilah bermula dari Disember 2012 hingga Disember 2013. Individu daripada setiap aksesi telah diperhatikan berdasarkan beberapa ciri agronomi dan ciri yang mempengaruhi hasil. Kesemua data yang diperoleh dicatatkan secara berkala dan prestasi setiap aksesi diuji untuk melihat kewujudan perbezaan bererti menggunakan Sistem Analisis Statistik (SAS) 9.4. Empat perlakuan iaitu ketinggian pokok (PH), bilangan bunga setiap jejambak (NFI), bilangan bunga betina setiap jejambak (NFFPI) dan berat seratus biji (HSW) menunjukkan perbezaan bererti antara aksesi selepas setahun penanaman. Nilai maksimum untuk setiap ciri ialah 115.5 sm bagi PH, 6 bagi bilangan dahan setiap pokok (BPP), 9 bagi bilangan jejambak setiap pokok (NIPP), 25 bagi bilangan buah setiap pokok (NFPP), 5 bagi bilangan buah setiap jejambak (NFPI), 191 bagi NFI, 10 bagi NFFPI, 81.0 g bagi HSW dan 70 bagi bilangan biji setiap pokok (NSPP). Aksesi nombor 1 dari Thailand menunjukkan prestasi yang paling baik bagi semua ciri. Korelasi yang positif dan bererti tinggi didapati antara NFPP dan NSPP. Berdasarkan ciri yang unggul bagi NIPP, NFPP, NFPI, NFI, NFFPI dan HSW, lima pokok daripada aksesi UKMJC 01, 04, 05, 13 dan 14 telah dipilih untuk menjana hibrid intraspesies elit.

Kata kunci: Benih hibrid; ciri yang mempengaruhi hasil; Jatropha curcas

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: wicki@ukm.edu.my