Sains Malaysiana 49(2)(2020): 335-341

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4902-11

Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Osteoarthritis: A Consolidated Review

(Tali Pusat Terbitan Terapi Sel Stem Mesenkima untuk Osteoartritis: Suatu Ulasan Lengkap)

JIANWEI ZUO¹, CHEN CHEN², XINTAO ZHANG¹ & WENTAO ZHANG¹*

¹Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, P.R. China

²Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, P.R. China

Diserahkan: 22 April 2019/Diterima: 6 November 2019

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of degenerative disease and is the most common persistent condition worldwide. The common burden imposed by OA significantly damages the articular cartilage, which results in pain and seriously impacts the quality of life in the affected people. Disease progression is assumed to increase with obesity and aging. The current therapies include weight loss, activity adjustment, traditional pain management and replacement of the affected joint. To overcome these limitations, recently, cell-based therapies mainly Umbilical cord derived Mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) have become an attractive cell source for an allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell to repair and regenerate the structure and function of articular tissues. Although the mechanism is not clearly defined, it is believed that the paracrine signaling, inflammatory response, and immunomodulatory role of UC-MSCs play a crucial role in developing a treatment approach of OA. The purpose of this review was to outline the advantages of using UC-MSCs in treating OA. This review also discusses the possible hurdles that stand in the way of successful implementation of UC-MSC as a routine treatment regimen for OA.

Keywords: Allogeneic stem cell; mesenchymal stem cell; osteoarthritis; umbilicalcord tissue

Abstrak 

Osteoartitis (OA) adalah penyebab utama penyakit degeneratif dan merupakan keadaan yang paling biasa di seluruh dunia. Beban umum yang disebabkan oleh OA dengan ketara merosakkan artikul rawan yang mengakibatkan kesakitan dan memberi kesan serius terhadap kualiti hidup orang yang mengalaminya. Janjang penyakit ini dianggap meningkat dengan keobesan dan penuaan. Terapi semasa termasuklah penurunan berat badan, pelarasan aktiviti, pengurusan sakit secara tradisi dan penggantian sendi yang terjejas. Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan ini, terbaru, terapi berasaskan sel terutamanya tali pusat terbitan terapi sel stem mesenkima (UC-MSC) telah menjadi sumber sel yang menarik untuk sel stem alogen mensenkima untuk membaiki dan menjana semula struktur dan fungsi tisu artikul. Walaupun mekanisme itu belum ditakrifkan dengan jelas, dipercayai bahawa isyarat parakrin, tindak balas keradangan dan peranan imunomodul UC-MSC memainkan peranan penting dalam membangunkan pendekatan rawatan OA. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menggariskan kelebihan menggunakan UC-MSC dalam merawat OA. Ulasan ini juga membincangkan kemungkinan halangan yang berlaku dalam pelaksanaan UC-MSC dengan jayanya sebagai regimen rawatan rutin untuk OA.

Kata kunci: Osteoartitis; sel stem alogen; sel stem mesenkima; tisu tali pusat

REFERENCES

Akkiraju, H. & Nohe, A. 2015. Role of chondrocytes in cartilage formation, progression of osteoarthritis and cartilage regeneration. J. Dev. Biol. 3(4): 177-192.

Arthritis Information. 2017. http://www.arthritisaustralia.com.au/index.php/arthritis information.html.

Bagga, H., Burkhardt, D., Sambrook, P. & March, L. 2006. Longterm effects of intra-articular hyaluronan on synovial fluid in osteoarthritis of the knee. J. Rheumatol. 33(5): 946-950.

Barry, F. & Murphy, M. 2013. Mesenchymal stem cells in joint disease and repair. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 9(10): 584-594.

Bartolucci, J., Verdugo, F.J., González, P.L., Larrea, R.E., Abarzua, E., Goset, C., Rojo, P., Palma, I., Lamich, R., Pedreros, P.A., Valdivia, G., Lopez, V.M., Nazzal, C., Alcayaga-Miranda, F., Cuenca, J., Brobeck, M.J., Patel, A.N., Figueroa, F.E. & Khoury, M. 2017. Safety and efficacy of the intravenous infusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in patients with heart failure: A phase 1/2 randomized controlled trial (RIMECARD trial randomized clinical trial of intravenous infusion umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on cardiopathy). Circ. Res. 121(10): 1192-1204.

Blagojevic, M., Jinks, C., Jeffery, A. & Jordan, K.P. 2010. Risk factors for onset of osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 18(1): 24-33.

Brandt, K.D., Dieppe, P. & Radin, E. 2009. Etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Med. Clin. North Am. 93(1): 1e24.

Can, A. & Karahuseyinoglu, S. 2007. Human umbilical cord stroma with regard to the source of foetus-derived stem cells. Stem Cells 25: 2886-2895.

Centeno, C.J., Al-Sayegh, H., Bashir, J., Goodyear, S. & Freeman, M.D. 2015. A dose response analysis of a specific bone marrow concentrate treatment protocol for knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 18(16): 258. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0714-z.

Chang, Y.H., Wu, K.C., Liu, H.W., Chu, T.Y. & Ding, D.C. 2018. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce monosodium iodoacetate-induced apoptosis in cartilage. Tzu Chi Medical Journal 30(2): 71-80.

Chang, Y.H., Liu, H.W., Wu, K.C. & Ding, D.C. 2016. Mesenchymal stem cells and their clinical applications in osteoarthritis. Cell Transplant 25(5): 937-950.

De Windt, T.S., Hendriks, J.A., Zhao, X., Vonk, L.A., Creemers, L.B., Dhert, W.J., Randolph, M.A. & Saris, D.B. 2014. Concise review: Unraveling stem cell cocultures in regenerative medicine: Which cell interactions steer cartilage regeneration and how? Stem Cells Transl. Med. 3(6): 723-733.

Diekman, B.O. & Guilak, F. 2013. Stem cell-based therapies for osteoarthritis: Challenges and opportunities. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 25(1): 119-126.

Estes, B.T., Diekman, B.O., Gimble, J.M. & Guilak, F. 2010. Isolation of adipose-derived stem cells and their induction to a chondrogenic phenotype. Nat. Protoc. 5(7): 1294-1311.

Fong, C.Y., Subramanian, A., Gauthaman, K., Venugopal, J., Biswas, A., Ramakrishna, S. & Bongso, A. 2012. Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cells undergo enhanced chondrogenic differentiation when grown on nanofibrous scaffolds and in a sequential two-stage culture medium environment. Stem Cell Rev. 8(1): 195-209.

Hached, F., Vinatier, C., Le Visage, C., Gondé, H., Guicheux, J., Grimandi, G. & Billon-Chabaud, A. 2017. Biomaterial-assisted cell therapy in osteoarthritis: From mesenchymal stem cells to cell encapsulation. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 31(5): 730-745.

Horie, M., Choi, H., Lee, R.H., Reger, R.L., Ylostalo, J., Muneta, T., Sekiya, I. & Prockop, D.J. 2012. Intra-articular injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote rat meniscal regeneration by being activated to express Indian hedgehog that enhances expression of type II collagen. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 20(10): 1197-1207.

Im, G.I., Shin, Y.W. & Lee, K.B. 2005. Do adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the same osteogenic and chondrogenic potential as bone marrow-derived cells? Osteoarthr. & Cartil. 13(10): 845-853.

Iwata, H., Ono, S., Sato, K., Sato, T. & Kawamura, M. 1993. Bone morphogenetic protein-induced muscle- and synovium-derived cartilage differentiation in vitro. Clin. Orthop. & Relat. Res. (296): 295-300.

Kennedy, J.W., Johnston, L., Cochrane, L. & Boscainos, P.J. 2013. Total knee arthroplasty in the elderly: Does age affect pain, function or complications? Clin. Orthop. & Relat. Res. 471(6): 1964-1969.

Kim, D.W., Staples, M., Shinozuka, K., Pantcheva, P., Kang, S.D. & Borlongan, C.V. 2013. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Phenotypic characterization and optimizing their therapeutic potential for clinical applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14(6): 11692-11712.

Kwon, A., Kim, Y., Kim, M., Kim, J., Choi, H., Jekarl, D.W., Lee, S., Kim, J.M., Shin, J.C. & Park, I.Y. 2016. Tissue-specific differentiation potency of mesenchymal stromal cells from perinatal tissues. Sci. Rep. 5(6): 23544.

Lavrentieva, A., Hatlapatka, T., Neumann, A., Weyand, B. & Kasper, C. 2013. Potential for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSC. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 129: 73-88.

Lee, W.Y. & Wang, B. 2007. Cartilage repair by mesenchymal stem cells: Clinical trial update and perspectives. J. Orthop. Translat. 9(9): 76-88.

Li, Y., Wei, X., Zhou, J. & Wei, L. 2013. The age-related changes in cartilage and osteoarthritis. Biomed. Res. In. 2013: 916530.

MacFarlane, R.J., Graham, S.M., Davies, P.S., Korres, N., Tsouchnica, H., Heliotis, M., Mantalaris, A. & Tsiridis, E. 2013. Anti-inflammatory role and immunomodulation of mesenchymal stem cells in systemic joint diseases: Potential for treatment. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 17(3): 243-254.

Matas, J., Orrego, M., Amenabar, D., Infante, C., Tapia-Limonchi, R., Cadiz, M.I., Alcayaga-Miranda, F., González, P.L., Muse, E., Khoury, M., Figueroa, F.E. & Espinoza, F. 2019. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for knee osteoarthritis: Repeated MSC dosing is superior to a single MSC dose and to hyaluronic acid in a controlled randomized phase I/II trial. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 8(3): 215-224.

Mobasheri, A., Kalamegam, G., Musumeci, G. & Batt, M.E. 2014. Chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis and related orthopaedic conditions. Maturitas 78(3): 188-198.

Murphy, J.M., Fink, D.J., Hunziker, E.B. & Barry, F.P. 2003. Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 48(12): 3464-3474.

Orth, P., Rey-Rico, A., Venkatesan, J.K., Madry, H. & Cucchiarini, M. 2014. Current perspectives in stem cell research for knee cartilage repair. Stem Cells Cloning 16(7): 1-17.

Payne, K.A., Didiano, D.M. & Chu, C.R. 2010. Donor sex and age influence the chondrogenic potential of human femoral bone marrow stem cells. Osteoarthr. & Cartil. 18(5): 705-713.

Pelttari, K., Winter, A., Steck, E., Goetzke, K., Hennig, T., Ochs, B.G., Aigner, T. & Richter, W. 2006. Premature induction of hypertrophy during in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells correlates with calcification and vascular invasion after ectopic transplantation in SCID mice. Arthritis Rheum. 54(10): 3254-3266.

Rao, M.S. & Mattson, M.P. 2001. Stem cells and aging: Expanding the possibilities. Mech. Ageing Dev. 122(7): 713-734.

Reppel, L., Schiavi, J., Charif, N., Leger, L., Yu, H., Pinzano, A., Henrionnet, C., Stoltz, J.F., Bensoussan, D. & Huselstein, C. 2015. Chondrogenic induction of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells from Wharton's jelly embedded in alginate hydrogel and without added growth factor: An alternative stem cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 30(6): 260.

Robertsson, O., Dunbar, M., Pehrsson, T., Knutson, K. & Lidgren, L. 2000. Patient satisfaction after knee arthroplasty: A report on 27, 372 knees operated on between 1981 and 1995 in Sweden. Acta. Orthop. Scand. 71(3): 262-267.

Saulnier, N., Viguier, E., Perrier-Groult, E., Chenu, C., Pillet, E., Roger, T., Maddens, S. & Boulocher, C. 2015. Intra-articular administration of xenogeneic neonatal mesenchymal stromal cells early after meniscal injury down-regulates metalloproteinase gene expression in synovium and prevents cartilage degradation in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 23(1): 122-133.

Scharstuhl, A., Schewe, B., Benz, K., Gaissmaier, C., Bühring, H.J. & Stoop, R. 2007. Chondrogenic potential of human adult mesenchymal stem cells is independent of age or osteoarthritis etiology. Stem Cells 25(12): 3244-3251.

Silverwood, V., Blagojevic-Bucknall, M., Jinks, C., Jordan, J.L., Protheroe, J. & Jordan, K.P. 2015. Current evidence on risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 23(4): 507-515.

Steinert, A.F., Ghivizzani, S.C., Rethwilm, A., Tuan, R.S., Evans, C.H. & Noth, U. 2007. Major biological obstacles for persistent cell-based regeneration of articular cartilage. Arthritis Res. Ther. 9(3): 213.

Stockmann, P., Park, J., von Wilmowsky, C., Nkenke, E., Felszeghy, E., Dehner, J.F., Schmitt, C., Tudor, C. & Schlegel, K.A. 2012. Guided bone regeneration in pig calvarial bone defects using autologous mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells - A comparison of different tissue sources. J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg. 40(4): 310-320.

Subramani, B., Subbannagounder, S., Palanivel, S., Ramanathanpullai, C., Sivalingam, S., Yakub, A., Sadananda, Rao M., Seenichamy, A., Pandurangan, A.K., Tan, J.J. & Ramasamy, R. 2016. Generation and characterization of human cardiac resident and non-resident mesenchymal stem cell. Cytotechnology 68(5): 2061-2073.

Vaishya, R., Pariyo, G.B., Agarwal, A.K. & Vijay, V. 2016. Non-operative management of osteoarthritis of the knee joint. J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma 7(3): 170-176.

Valiyaveettil, M., Achur, R.N., Muthusamy, A. & Gowda, D.C. 2004. Characterization of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans of extracellular matrices of human umbilical cord blood vessels and Wharton’s jelly. Glycoconj. J. 21(6): 361-375.

Wang, H., Yan, X., Jiang, Y., Wang, Z., Li, Y. & Shao, Q. 2018. The human umbilical cord stem cells improve the viability of OA degenerated chondrocytes. Mol. Med. Rep. 17(3): 4474-4482.

Wang, H.S., Hung, S.C., Peng, S.T., Huang, C.C., Wei, H.M., Guo, Y.J., Fu, Y.S., Lai, M.C. & Chen, C.C. 2004. Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord. Stem Cells 22(7): 1330-1337.

Wang, L., Seshareddy, K., Weiss, M.L. & Detamore, M.S. 2009a. Effect of initial seeding density on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal Cells for fibrocartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. Part A 15: 1009-1017.

Wang, L., Tran, I., Seshareddy, K., Weiss, M.L. & Detamore, M.S. 2009b. A comparison of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. Part A 15: 2259- 2266.

Wen, Y., Jiang, B., Cui, J., Li, G., Yu, M., Wang, F., Zhang, G., Nan, X., Yue, W., Xu, X. & Pei, X. 2013. Superior osteogenic capacity of different mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 116(5): e324-e332.

Wyles, C.C., Houdek, M.T., Behfar, A. & Sierra, R.J. 2015. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis: current perspectives. Stem Cells Cloning 28(8): 117-124.

Zhang, B.Y., Wang, B.Y., Li, S.C., Luo, D.Z., Zhan, X., Chen, S.F., Chen, Z.S., Liu, C.Y., Ji, H.Q., Bai, Y.S., Li, D.S. & He, Y. 2018. Evaluation of the curative effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee arthritis in dogs using imaging technology. Stem Cells Int. 15: 1983025.

Zuk, P.A., Zhu, M., Ashjian, P., De Ugarte, D.A., Huang, J.I., Mizuno, H., Alfonso, Z.C., Fraser, J.K., Benhaim, P. & Hedrick, M.H. 2002. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 13(12): 4279-4295.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: zhangwentao1121@sina.com