Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No
1 (2015): 184 – 193
PHASE BEHAVIOUR STUDY OF
SWIFTLET NEST USING VIRGIN COCONUT OIL WITH NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS
(Penyelidikan Sifat Fasa
Sarang Burung Walit Menggunakan Minyak Kelapa Dara dengan Surfaktan Tidak
Bercas)
Siti Salwa Abd Gani1,2,3* and
Siti Zulaika Adisah1
1Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
2Halal Product
Research Institute,
3Centre of
Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: ssalwaag@upm.edu.my
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is the oil that obtained from fresh and mature
kernel of the coconut by mechanical or natural means with or without the
application of heat, which does not lead to alteration of the nature of the
oil. It have advantages such as strengthens the immune system because of its
lauric acid content. It also has medium-chain fatty acids which heighten
metabolism and energy, thus stimulating the thyroid. Swiftlet nest as an active
ingredient need to be dispersed in a carrier system. Thus, ternary phase
diagrams were constructed to find the suitable and stable system for it. The
phase behavior of systems has been investigated by constructing ternary phase
diagrams consisting of non-ionic surfactants/VCO:bird nest/water. The
surfactants used were Sorbitan tri-oleate (Span 85), Sorbitan mono-oleate (Span
80), Sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20), Polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan tri-oleate
(Tween 85) and Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-oleate (Tween 80). These
systems include several phase regions such as homogeneous, isotropic, two-phase
and three-phase regions. Different hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value
of non-ionic surfactants exhibit different ternary diagram characteristics. A
lower HLB shows a more oil-soluble and a more water-soluble surfactant (larger
homogeneous and isotropic region in ternary phase diagrams) whereas high value
of HLB shows the reverse of that result. The results show that the T85/VCO:bird
nest/water system gave better performance than the other four individual
surfactant systems. As a conclusion, high hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB)
values of surfactant were found to be a good surfactant for the formulation of
VCO:bird nest emulsion for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes.
Keywords: virgin
coconut oil, swiftlet nest, surfactant, emulsion
Abstrak
Minyak kelapa dara (VCO) adalah minyak yang
diperolehi daripada kernel segar dan matang kelapa dengan cara mekanikal atau
semula jadi dengan atau tanpa penggunaan haba, yang tidak membawa kepada
pengubahan sifat minyak. Ia mempunyai kelebihan seperti menguatkan sistem imun
kerana mempunyai kandungan asid laurik. Ia juga mempunyai rantaian sederhana
panjang asid lemak yang meningkatkan metabolisma, tenaga dan merangsang tiroid.
Sarang burung walit sebagai bahan aktif perlu dilarutkan dalam sistem pembawa
bahan aktif. Oleh itu, gambar rajah fasa tiga segi telah dibina untuk mencari
sistem yang sesuai dan stabil. Kelakuan fasa bagi sistem telah diuji dengan
membina gambar rajah fasa segi tiga yang terdiri surfaktan bukan ionik / VCO:
sarang burung / air. Surfaktan yang digunakan adalah Sorbitan tri-oleat (Span
85), Sorbitan mono-oleat (Span 80), Sorbitan mono-laurat (Span 20),
Polioksiethilena (20) sorbitan tri-oleat (Tween 85) dan Polioksiethilena (20)
sorbitan mono-oleat (Tween 80). Sistem ini termasuk beberapa kawasan fasa
seperti homogen, isotropi, dua fasa dan wilayah tiga fasa. Nilai HLB
(Keseimbangan sifat suka air dan minyak) surfaktan bukan ionik yang berbeza
memberikan ciri-ciri yang berbeza pada rajah segi tiga. HLB lebih rendah
menunjukkan sifat surfaktan larut air yang lebih (wilayah yang lebih besar
homogen dan isotropik dalam gambar rajah fasa segi tiga) manakala nilai HLB
yang tinggi menunjukkan keputusan sebaliknya. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa
T85/VCO: burung sarang sistem / air memberikan keputusan yang lebih baik
berbanding empat sistem surfaktan yang lain. Kesimpulannya, HLB surfaktan yang
tinggi baik untuk menyatukan VCO: emulsi sarang burung untuk tujuan kosmetik
dan farmaseutikal
Kata kunci: minyak kelapa
dara, sarang burung walit, surfaktan, emulsi
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