Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 3 (2018): 522 - 531

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2018-2203-21

 

 

 

ALGINATE AEROGELS DRIED BY SUPERCRITICAL CO₂ AS HERBAL DELIVERY CARRIER

 

(Pengeringan Gel Aero Alginat oleh CO₂ Supergenting Sebagai Pembawa Penghantaran Herba)

 

Ana Najwa Mustapa¹*, Ángel Martín¹, María José Cocero²

 

¹Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology,

University of Valladolid, Calle Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain

 

*Corresponding author: anajwa@salam.uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 16 April 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2018

 

 

Abstract

Herbal medicinal plant have been recognized as alternative and natural drugs for therapeutic purposes due to their high content of phytocompounds with anti-bacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.  Low solubility and poor absorption of medicinal compounds are seen as major challenges for herbal drugs. Impregnation of these substances into aerogels as a carrier is an innovative to improve poorly soluble compounds. In this work, alginate hydrogels were produced via sol-gel processing method and dried by supercritical CO₂ drying to obtain high porous structure of alginate aerogels. Alginate is a type of polysaccharides that is widely applied in biomedical, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods due to its nontoxic, stability and versatility properties. Plant extracts of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans) were impregnated into the alginate aerogels via liquid media followed by supercritical drying and via supercritical CO₂ assisted impregnation technique. Results exhibited that the initial concentration of polyphenols of the C.nutans extracts impregnated in the alginate aerogels is stable in the range of 0.796 to 0.745 mg/g in 6 month and drastically reduced after 9 month of storage duration. The herbal extract type C.nutans-100 loaded via supercritical CO₂ impregnation has a comparable specific loading to the method of liquid media, range from 1.4 to 1.5 × 10^-4 g/m² whereas the specific loading of C.nutans-50 extract impregnated via liquid media showed higher compared with the loading by method of supercritical CO₂.

 

Keywords:  supercritical, drying, alginate, aerogels, Clinacanthus nutans Lindau

 

Abstrak

Tumbuhan ubatan herba telah diiktiraf sebagai ubat-ubatan alternatif dan semula jadi untuk tujuan terapeutik kerana kandungan sebatian fito yang tinggi  dengan ciri-ciri anti-bakteria, anti-pengoksidaan dan anti-radang, kelarutan dan penyerapan yang rendah sebatian perubatan dilihat sebagai cabaran besar untuk ubat-ubatan herba. Hal memberi bahan ke dalam gel aero sebagai pembawa adalah suatu tindakan yang inovatif untuk meningkatkan keterlarutan sebatian yang kurang larut dalam air. Dalam kajian ini, gel aero alginat telah dihasilkan melalui kaedah pemprosesan sol-gel dan dikeringkan melalui CO₂ supergenting untuk mendapatkan struktur berliang tinggi. Alginat adalah sejenis polisakarida yang sinonim dalam bioperubatan, farmaseutikal, kosmetik dan makanan disebabkan oleh sifatnya yang tidak toksik, kestabilan yang tinggi dan serba boleh dalam pelbagai bidang. Dalam kajian ini, ekstrak tumbuhan Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans) yang diperolehi daripada teknik pengekstrakan gelombang mikro (MAE) telah diimpregnasi ke dalam gel aero alginat menggunakan kaedah penjerapan cecair diikuti dengan pengeringan menggunakan CO₂ supergenting dan juga impregnasi menggunakan CO₂ supergenting. Ekstrak herba C. nutans-100 yang diimpregnasi menggunakan bendalir CO₂ supergenting menunjukkan kandungan spesifik yang hampir sama dengan kaedah media cecair iaitu dalam lingkungan 1.4 hingga 1.5 × 10^-4 g/m² berat. Manakala, bagi ekstrak C. nutans-50, kandungan spesifiknya yang diimpregnasikan menggunakan kaedah media cecair adalah lebih tinggi berbanding dengan kaedah CO₂ supergenting iaitu , masing-masing.  sebanyak 5.4 × 10^-5 g/m² dan 4.9 × 10^-6.

 

Kata kunci:  supergenting, pengeringan, alginat, aerogel, Clinacanthus nutans Lindau

 

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