Sains Malaysiana 41(5)(2012): 553–560

 

Effects of the Phloemic Stress on the Growth, Development and Quality of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense) cv. Jambu madu

(Kesan Tekanan Floem Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan dan Kualiti Epal Lilin

(Syzygium samarangense) cv. Jambu Air Madu)

 

Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker*, Normaniza Osman, Abm Sharif Hossain

& Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Received: 21 March 2011 / Accepted: 2 November 2011

 

ABSTRACT

 

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of different girdling techniques on the growth, development and quality of red wax apple fruits (Syzygium samarangense). Selected horticultural parameters were monitored at one week interval during the growth period from December 2008 to October 2010, using I, C, V shaped, 50%, and 100% girdling. Girdling was applied 2 weeks before flowering. The results showed that the C-shaped girdling technique produced the best results with regard to the fruit setting and chlorophyll content in comparison to the control and the other girdling techniques employed. Furthermore, C-shaped girdling enhanced faster fruit growth producing the best final fruit length and diameter. In addition to significantly increased yield, juice percentage, leaf dry matter, biomass and TSS content of fruits. It was also observed that 50% girdling decreased fruit dropping. V-shaped girdling also increased the number of bud and reduced bud dropping compared to control. I-shaped girdle fruits produced the highest amount of K+ content in fruit juice compared to other treatments. The color development of the fruit peel in 100% girdling was also the highest among the treatments. From this study, it can be concluded that C-shaped girdling applied two weeks before flowering produced better fruit growth, yield and quality of red wax apple fruits under field conditions.

 

Keywords: Fruit quality; girdling; Syzygium samarangense

 

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan teknik girdling yang berbeza ke atas pertumbuhan, pembangunan dan kualiti air buah epal merah (Syzygium samarangense). Parameter hortikultur yang terpilih telah dipantau pada selang seminggu dalam tempoh pertumbuhan dari Disember 2008 hingga Oktober 2010, dengan menggunakan teknik girdling berbentuk I, C, V, 50%, dan 100% girdling. Girdling telah diaplikasikan 2 minggu sebelum berbunga. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa teknik girdling berbentuk C menghasilkan keputusan yang terbaik mengenai tetapan buah-buahan dan kandungan klorofil berbanding kawalan dan teknik-teknik girdling yang lain. Tambahan pula, girdling berbentuk C didapati meningkatkan pertumbuhan buah-buahan dengan lebih cepat dalam menghasilkan panjang dan diameter akhir buah yang terbaik, sebagai tambahan kepada peningkatan hasil yang ketara dalam peratusan jus, berat kering daun, biojisim dan kandunganTSS buah. Girdling 50% juga dapat dilihat menurunkan keguguran buah. Girdling berbentuk V juga meningkatkan bilangan putik dan mengurangkan keguguran berbanding kawalan. Girdling berbentuk I menghasilkan jumlah kandungan K+ tertinggi dalam jus buah berbanding perlakuan lain. Perkembangan warna bagi pengupasan buah dalam girdling 100% juga adalah yang tertinggi di antara perlakuan. Daripada kajian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahawa girdling berbentuk C yang diaplikasikan dua minggu sebelum berbunga menghasilkan pertumbuhan hasil dan kualiti buah epal merah yang lebih baik di lapangan.

 

Kata kunci: Girdling; kualiti buah; Sizigium samarangense

REFERENCES

Allan, P., George, A.P., Nissen R.J. & Rasmussen. T.S. 1993. Effects of girdling time on growth, yield, and fruit maturity of the low chill peach cultivar Flordaprince. Australain Journal of experimental Agriculture 33: 781-785.

Arakawa, O., Kanno, K., Kanetsuka, A. & Shiozaki. Y. 1997. Effect of girdling and bark inversion on tree growth and fruit quality of apple Acta Horticulturae451: 579–586.

Barut, E. & Eris. A. 1994. Research on the effects of girdling, thinning and plant growth regulators on yield, quality and alternate bearing in olive cv. Gemlik. Doga Turk Tarum ve Ormancilik Dergisi17(4): 953-970.

Beruter, J. M. & Feusi. E.S. 1997. The effect of girdling on carbohydrate partitioning in the growing apple fruit. Journal of Plant Physiology 151: 277–285.

Carreño, J., Faraj, S. & Martinez. A. 1998. Effects of girdling and covering mesh on ripening, color and fruit characteristics of ‘Italia’ grapes. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnolohy 73: 103–106.

Casanova, L.D., fonzalez-Rossia, Casanova R. & Agasti. M. 2009. Scoring increases Carbohydrate availability and berry size in seedless grape ‘Emperatriz’. Scientia Horticulturae 122: 62-69.

Di Vaio, C., Petito, A. & Buccheri. M. 2001. Effect of girdling on gas exchanges and leaf mineral content in the ‘Independence’ nectarine. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24: 1047–1060.

Dubois, M. K., Gils, J.K., Hanniton, P.A., Robes & Smith, F. 1956. Use of phenol reagent for the determination of total sugar. Anal. Chemistry 28: 350.

Goren, R., Huberman, M. & Goldschmidt, E.E. 2004. Girdling: physiological and horticultural aspects. Horticultural Reviews 30: 1–36

Hossain, A.B.M.S., Mizutani, F., Onguso, J.M., El-Shereif A.R. & Hisashi. Y. 2006. Dwarfing peach trees by bark ringing. Scientia Horticulture 110: 38-43.

Hossain, A. B. M. S., Mizutani, F., Onguso, J. M., Shereif A. R. & Yamada. H. 2007. Inhibiting peach-trees growth with Abscisic acid, hinokitiol, and tropolone applied to partially ringed bark strips. Journal of the Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 82 (2): 175-178.

Iglesias, D.J., Tadeo, F.R., Primo-Millo, E. & Talon, M. 2006. Carbohydrate and ethylene levels related to fruitlet drop through abscission zone in citrus. Trees (Berl) 20: 348–355.

Iwahori, S., Matsumoto, R. & Oohata, J.T. 1976. Effects of trunk ringing and defoliation on maturation of ponkan Citrus reticulataBlanco. Bulletin Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University 27: 1–6.

Kazutoshi, H., Tsuneo, O., Shinji, F. & Kojiro, H. 2009. Healing process of the wounds of the brances of Japanese Persimon that were caused by girdling, Scoring and Strangulation. Scientia Horticulturae120: 276-281.

Lahav, E., Zamet, D., Gazit, S. & Lavi, U. 196. Girdling as a means of shortening the juvenile period of avocado seedlings. Hort. Science 21: 1038–1040.

Liaw, S.C., Shu, Z.H., Lin, H. L. & Lee. K.C.1999. Effects of sugars on anthocyanin biosynthesis in wax apple fruit skin (in Chinese). Journal of Agriculture Assignment, China, New Series 185: 72–80.

Mataa, M., Tominaga, S. & Kozaki. I. 1998. The effect of time of girdling on carbohydrates and fruiting in‘Ponkan’ mandarin (Citrus reticulataBlanco). Scientia Horticulturae73: 203-211.

Matsui, H., Yuda, E. & Nakagawa, S. 1979. Physiological studies on the ripening of Delaware grapes. I. Effects of the number of leaves and changes in polysaccharides or organic acids on sugar accumulation in the berries. Journal of Japanese Socity of Horticultural Science 48: 9–18

Priestly, C.A. 1976. Some effects of ringing branches on the distribution of dry matter in young apple trees. Journal of Experimental Botany 27: 1313-1324.

Rivas, F., Arbiza, H. & Gravina. A. 2004. Caracterización del comportamiento reproductive de la mandarin ‘Nova’ en el sur del Uruguay. Agrociencia 8:79–88.

Tuzcu, O., Kaplankiran M. & Yesiloglu, T. 1994. Effects of girdling applications on fruit yield and fruit size in Clementine mandarin. Proceding of International Society of Citrus: 735-739.

Zen-hong, S. Z., Meon, R. Tirtawinata. & Thanarut C. 2006. Wax apple production in selected tropical Asian countries. ISHS. Acta Horticulturae773: 161-164.

 

 

*Corresponding author; e-mail: kmoneruzzaman@yahoo.com

 

 

previous