QS World University Rankings: Sustainability 2026

Environmental Impact Environmental Education

EE3: Courses on Climate Science and/or Environmental Sustainability

The concept of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), which is used as a framework for evaluating UKM’s sustainability and societal impact. Environment-related SDGs include goals like clean water and salinity (6), affordable and clean energy (7), industry, innovation and infrastructure(9), responsible consumption and production(12), climate action (13), life below water (14), and life on land (15).

Figure EE3.1: ESG mapping to SDG for UKM

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) demonstrates a strong commitment to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by offering a comprehensive curriculum that addresses 8 out of 17 SDG elements in the environmental field. With 180 courses aligned with environmental principles, UKM ensures that students gain knowledge and skills relevant to the current job market and global sustainability challenges.

Basides, the academic programs offered at UKM are accredited by MQA according to the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF). This includes undergraduate, postgraduate, and professional programs. All programmes are accredited by Malaysian Qualification Agency (MQA).

Table EE3.1 : Summary of the total courses/field related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability

No	Faculty / Institute	Total courses/field related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability
1	The Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)	5
2	Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)	8
3	Climate Change Institute (IPI)	8
4	Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)	3
5	Faculty of Science and Technology (FST)	71
6	Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities (FSSK)	31
7	Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB)	38
8	School of Liberal Studies (Citra)	12
TOTAL		176

1. Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
Link: www.ukm.my/seri/postgraduate-studies/programs

The Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) is a renowned research institution dedicated to advancing the development and utilization of solar energy in Malaysia and beyond. With a strong commitment to promoting sustainable energy solutions, SERI plays a vital role in driving the country’s transition towards clean and renewable energy sources. Recognized for its cutting-edge research, innovative technologies, and multidisciplinary approach, SERI brings together experts from diverse fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry, materials science, and environmental science. SERI’s research primarily focuses on enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and affordability of solar energy systems.

Programs available:

Doctor of Philosophy : Renewable Energy
Master of Science : Renewable Energy

Table EE3.2 : List of courses related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)

Programs	Post-graduate Courses	SDG	Synopsis
Doctor of Philosophy : Renewable Energy Master of Science:Renewable Energy	RSRS6312: Technology Of Silicon Solar Cell	SDG7	The objective of this course is to introduce the basic physics of silicon principles, p-n junctions, and the operating principles of silicon-based solar cells. Subsequently, students will be exposed to the manufacturing and fabrication processes of silicon solar cells, starting from the production of silicon ingots, the creation of silicon wafers, the production of solar cells, current-voltage characterization, and the assembly of silicon solar panels. Finally, the lectures conclude with an introduction to the applications of silicon solar panels in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The course assessment is based on quizzes, assignments, and group presentations.
	RSRS6322: Organic Solar Cell Technologies	SDG7	The objective of this course is to introduce students to organic solar cells, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), perovskite solar cells (PSC), organic solar cells, and quantum dot solar cells (QDCS). Students will explore five main interconnected components of this course: (i) Basic organic and inorganic materials for organic solar cells; (ii) Principles and operation of organic solar cells; (iii) Fabrication processes of organic solar cells and panels; (iv) Methods for measurement and characterization of organic solar cells; and (v) Device performance enhancement. The course begins with an introduction to the basics of organic and inorganic chemical materials, photo-electrochemistry, and the operating principles of all types of organic solar cells. Subsequently, students will be exposed to the processes of synthesizing and fabricating organic solar cells, starting from thin-film deposition processes, substrates, dyes, quantum dots, perovskites, and other emerging materials related to solar cells.
	RSRS6412: Solar Thermal Technology and Process	SDG7	This course serves as an excellent starting point for students focused on building a career in understanding the world of solar thermal energy and its possibilities. It explores and equips students with knowledge related to classifying the principles of solar thermal energy emitted by the sun and the reflection phenomena occurring in the Earth’s atmosphere. This knowledge will then be expanded by comparing the performance issues of solar thermal collectors using theoretical methods. Students will subsequently conduct analyses and differentiate between various solar thermal collectors, including energy storage units and other components, based on heat transfer challenges.
	RSRS6422: Advanced Building Energy Performance	SDG7	The objective of this course is to expose students to the knowledge of passive design and low-energy architecture. By the end of the course, students will be able to understand the concepts and strategies of low-energy architecture and their applications in green buildings. In addition, the course will introduce students to the latest building energy modeling software. Students will also learn the appropriate procedures for using simulation software.
	RSRS6502: Special Topic in the field of solar energy technology	SDG7	This course encompasses specific/selective topics in the field of solar energy technology at an advanced level. It is designed to provide an in-depth understanding of specialized studies and the latest developments in solar energy technology. The selection of topics will be determined by the department. Students will gain exposure through lectures and group assignments. The course assessment is based on quizzes and assignments.

2. Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)
Link: www.ukm.my/selfuel/program

The establishment of Fuel Cell Institute (Institut Sel Fuel), the first research institute in Malaysia conducting research on fuel cell and hydrogen energy, was approved by the Ministry of Higher Education on the 1st of July 2006. The name of the Institute was initially Institute of Fuel Cell Technology (Institut Teknologi Sel Bahan Api). The new name Fuel Cell Institute (Institut Sel Fuel) was approved on 14th July 2007. The founding of this institute reflected the strength of fuel cell and hydrogen energy research in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The founding of the Fuel Cell Institute at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia also reflected the strength of research and development in renewable energy at the University especially in solar energy, hydrogen energy and fuel cell.

Currently, the institute offers two (2) research mode programmes, namely the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Master of Science (MSc) in the fields of fuel cell engineering, hydrogen energy and/or energy management and policy. Now, the institute has moved one step further to offer its first Master by coursework programme, namely Master of Science in Low Carbon and Hydrogen Technology, starting from 2022. This programme is aimed to fulfil the market demand for skilled workers trained in low carbon and hydrogen technology following the global trend in achieving energy and environmental sustainability. Also, it is aimed to transfer multidisciplinary-based knowledge from subject matter experts and industrial practitioners to the students.

Programs available:

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) – (Fuel cell engineering, hydrogen energy and/or energy management and policy)
Master of Science – Research Mode (Fuel cell engineering, hydrogen energy and/or energy management and policy)
Master of Science in Low Carbon and Hydrogen Technology- Coursework

Table EE3.3 : List of courses related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)

Program	Courses	SDG	Course Synopsis
Research Program
1. Master of Science 2. Doctor of Philosophy Field: Fuel Cell Engineering, Hydrogen Energy,Energy Management, Policy.	RARA8022: Advanced Hydrogen Energy	SDG7	The aim of this course is to give further introduction to the students about hydrogen energy. Students will be introduced to the principles of the use of hydrogen energy in the early stages. Next, the students will be exposed to various methods in fuel processing, hydrogen storage and the use of hydrogen as energy. Link between production processes up to the use of hydrogen will be discussed. Social and security issues related to the use of hydrogen energy will be discussed
	RARA8032: Advanced Energy Management and Policy	SDG7	This course discusses more about the main issues in manufacturing energy policy and management in a global context. Various factors such as politics, technological, and social that influence policy making and energy management study. Interrelated topics such as energy law and economy with reference to energy policy, management, and sustainability are seen through the lens of a rapidly changing global landscape. Students will be able to assess, draw conclusions, and confirm issues in energy management andglobal policy making.
	RARA8042: Advanced Fuel Cell Electrochemistry	SDG7	This course aims to discuss topics related to advanced electrochemistry in various fuel cell systems. In the early stages, students will be exposed to in-depth concepts and theories related to thermodynamics of fuel cells and electrochemical reactions, types of fuel cells, fuel cell components, and fuel cell performance. Electrocatalyst materials and advanced electrolytes for fuel cells, as well as material selection methods for systems specific electrochemistry, is also discussed in detail in this course. Techniques related to electrochemical characterization for these systems as well will be discussed so that students can interpret and make evaluations as well critical explanation of the topic
	RARA8052: Advanced Fuel Cell Systems and Applications	SDG7	This course aims to discuss in more detail the design of fuel cell systems for various applications. Fuel cell concepts will be linked to the fuel cell system in depth to enable students to think critically. Stack design, performance analysis, water and heat management, control and monitoring, and fuel cell operating conditions are also described and combined with various problems to enable students to evaluate and interpret various aspects of fuel cell process system engineering. Current problems and issues in the fuel cell system are also discussed by combining various disciplines to help students make a critical evaluation and explanation of a fuel cell system. Students will also be exposed to fuel cell systems through laboratory visits. Finally, students are required to do a project related to the fuel cell field and are evaluated based on written reports and presentations.
Coursework Programme
Master of Science in Low Carbon and Hydrogen Technology	RARA6022: Hydrogen Energy	SDG7	The aim of this course is to provide a basic introduction to the students about hydrogen energy. Students will be introduced to basic principles the use of hydrogen energy in the early stages. Next, the students will be exposed to various methods in fuel processing, storage of hydrogen and the use of hydrogen as energy. Social and security issues related to the use of hydrogen energy will be discussed.
	RARA6032: Energy Management and Policy	SDG7	This course discusses key issues for policy making and management energy in a global context. Various factors such as politics, technology, and social which affect policy making and energy management are also seen. The topic interrelated such as energy law and economics with respect to policy energy, management, and sustainability seen through the lens of a changing global landscape quickly. Students will be able to evaluate, conclude, and relate issues in global energy management and policy making.
	RARA6042: Fuel Cell Electrochemistry	SDG7	This course introduces the general theory of electrochemistry, instruments and methods of electrochemical characterization for fuel cells. Initially, students will be exposed to the topic of introduction of fuel cells, catalyst materials, conducting membranes and cell types – type of fuel cell. Also discussed in this course are the topics of basic electrochemistry, electrocatalyst, fuel cell thermodynamics and fuel cell redox reaction. Method electrochemical analysis such as cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy electrochemical in measuring the performance of catalysts/bio-catalysts and cell membranes of materials fuel will also be discussed further in this course. Finally, students required to carry out projects related to fuel cells and will be evaluated based onpresentations and written reports.
	RARA6052: Fuel Cell Systems and Applications	SDG7	The purpose of this course is to discuss important topics related to the system of high and low temperature fuel cells and their applications in various fields. Concept, electrochemical processes and fuel cell theories will be discussed and linked with a fuel cell system for student understanding. Stack design, performance analysis, water and heat management, control and monitoring as well as fuel cell operating conditions discussed extensively for student understanding in various aspects of fuel cell process system engineering. Current problems and issues in The fuel cell system are described by combining various scientific disciplines to help students make critical evaluations and explanations about the fuel cell system. Students will also be exposed to fuel cell systems through visits to the laboratory. Finally, students are required to do a project related to the cell field fuel and evaluate it based on written reports and presentations.

3. Institute of Climate Change (IPI)
Link: www.ukm.my/ipi/postgraduates-program

Climate Change Institute was established on consolidation and mergers under the thrust of climate science involving 4 the entities which are climate change research institute, earth observation center, space science center and the center of the tropical climate change system. Through the vision, Climate Change Institute is committed to be ahead of society and time in leading the development of a learned, dynamic and moral society and become an educational and research institution as well as a referral center of international reputation in the field of climate change and space science.

Programs available:

Doctor of Philosophy (Research Mode)
Master of Science (Research Mode)
Master in Climate Change (Coursework)

Table EE3.4 : List of courses related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at Climate Change Institute (IPI)

Program	Courses	SDG	Course Synopsis
Coursework Programme
Master in Climate Change (Coursework)	ZFPI6114: Climate Science and Prediction	SDG13	The purpose of this course is to first provide an understanding of the scientific basis behind climate change and its indicators. An understanding of weather and climate differences is also emphasized. Additionally, the influence of greenhouse gases on global warming and its impacts on physical environment and atmospheric chemistry are discussed in depth. This course will also introduce the measurement and modelling tools for climate prediction. The climate change indicators are analysed and interpretated using basic python programming to judge the existence of the phenomenon. Basic knowledge on the types, design and mechanism of climate models are taught to provide an overview on the current modelling capacity and limitation.
	ZFPI6143: Emission Measurement and Monitoring	SDG13	This course discusses the concept and introduction to emissions measurement and monitoring through modeling approach. Measurement through modeling such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Carbon Footprint will be introduced as a basic and systematic analysis at global and national levels as well as material and energy flows and uses that are associated with processes and activities. Energy consumption, non-renewable and renewable materials consumption, air pollutant emissions and environment associated with human activities are discussed. The course provides students with analytical tools and methods for implementing principles of modelling of environmental impacts. The practical applications covered in the course are based largely on current research in the area of LCA and Carbon Footprint. The definition and concept of LCA and Carbon Footprint as a comprehensive tool for identifying and evaluating the full environmental burdens associated with a product system from production through disposal are explained.
	ZFPI 6233: Satellite – Based Applications for Climate Change		The purpose of this course is to provide an understanding of the various domains of space science at the basic level, concepts and applications. A satellite is one of the objects in space that surrounds a planet. This satellite technology is designed as a remote sensing device that can collect information and data from the earth and its surroundings. The integration of these artificial satellites and sensors is also used for a variety of applications including military and civilian use, earth monitoring, communications, navigation, weather and research. This course exposes students to an introduction to the basics of satellite systems as well as sensor instruments that can access earth’s surface data for monitoring applications. Several case studies will be discussed on the development of satellite technology in disaster management, environmental degradation and climate change.
	ZFPI6113: Remote Sensing and Global Climate Change	SDG13	The purpose of this course is to explore the role of remote sensing in monitoring planetary scale phenomena, with particular focus on the use of techniques and instruments designed to monitor the global environmental properties of the earth. Remote sensing from satellite platforms has become increasingly important as the only way to obtain environmental data at the spatial and temporal coverage needed to understand the processes governing global climate change. The course will also provide exposure to students on the critical discussion to the significance of remote sensing measurements for testing existing models, such as ozone depletion, the hydrological cycle, carbon cycle, global climate change and other aspects of earth’s environment.
	ZFPI6213: Land Use and Climate Change	SDG13	The purpose of this course is to study the effects of climate change on land use and the corresponding feedback effects of land use on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Through this course, a comprehensive analysis of climate change and land use in relation to food security and environmental sustainability will be conducted. This course will also overview the global Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycles and will look into regional differences in land use and agricultural/silvicultural traditions in developed versus developing countries. At the end of this course, students will be able to analyse how the differences in land use systems can be managed to adapt to current and long-term climate change.
	ZFPI6123: Climate hange Excursion	SDG13	This course aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop their knowledge and to understand climate change through analysing real world contexts and applying climate change scenarios in practice. This course will take students on an educational tour/field trip to expose students to first-hand concepts on climate change which will help in long term retention of the knowledge. This course will encourage student’s participation on addressing climate change as a social issue such as efforts to reduce the impact of climate change on vulnerable communities. Through this climate change excursion course, students will train to work independently and group to run research methods in climate change as the final deliverable at the end of the course.
	ZFPI6133: GIS Analysis in Climate Change	SDG13	The goal of this course is to expose the students in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in climate change. Sharing of current geospatial technology and its applications will be disclosed to students. The objective of this course is to present and educate students in the field of GIS and climate change, where students will be actively exposed to relevant theories through lectures, technical lab, mini projects, training and self-learning. Geospatial projects will focus on the implementation and integration of GIS in climate change analysis and modeling. Students need to use GIS software such as ArcGIS and Q-GIS as a tool and medium to solve problems related to climate change. Students are also exposed to the impact of climate change and how GIS is helping to find solutions.
	ZFPI6243: Ionosphere and Communication in Climate Change	SDG13	The purpose of this course is to provide an understanding of the concept and importance of the ionosphere layer in its effectiveness for long-distance communication. Further discussion covers the importance of the ionosphere as an important medium in the propagation of radio waves and has to do with the changes that occur in solar activity. This focuses on the basic use of techniques and equipment that can be used to monitor these communication systems globally. The use of software will be used in predicting the relationship between two locations for communication using a specific frequency. Basic techniques in determining frequency are needed in ensuring communication can be done well. This course will expose students to the theory of radio wave propagation, ethics in radio communication and equipment used in radio communication, and techniques used in communicating using existing equipment.

4. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)
Link: www.ukm.my/lestari/en/postgraduate

The Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) was established on 1st October 1994 as a multidisciplinary institute within the structure of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. LESTARI was also established to serve as a reference centre capable of dealing with environment and development issues, assisting government in formulating policies based on research of a holistic and balanced kind. The development function is directed towards enhancing human resource capacity through skill development and training, for both government and private sectors.

Programs available:

Doctor of Philosophy :Environmental and Development
Master of Science : Environmental and Development

Specialised field:

Development and Social Well-being
Urbanization and the Region
Ecosystem and Landscape
Education for Sustainable Development
Environmental Governance
Governance of Natural Resources
Governance of Hazardous Substances and Wastes
Cultural Heritage
Biological Heritage
Geological Heritage
Environmental Health
Disaster Management
Climatic Hazard
Geological Hazard
Technological Hazard

Table EE3.5 : List of courses related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)

Programs	Courses	SDG	Course Synopsis
Research Program
Doctor of Philosophy :Environmental and Development	JSXX8012: Sustainability Science	SDG11	Sustainability concept is one of the main components in sustainable development for the economic, social and environmental aspects. This course provides basic understanding of sustainable development through five main pillars a) A historical evolution of sustainable development and the main question that guides the concept, b) An interlink between environment and community with the primary focus of transforming community into a sustainable society, c) Issues with resource utilisation in the process towards achieving sustainability and devising methods in achieving sustainable development, d) Integration of approaches and knowledge assimilation in understanding sustainability science, and e) Case study on practice-oriented cases in applying these pillars into individual research.
Doctor of Philosophy :Environmental and Development	JSXX8022: Advanced Sustainability Science	SDG11	This course aims to provide in depth detail and application of sustainability science concept through five topics that is a) Ecosystem dynamics, change and complexity; b) Governance for sustainability; c) Environmental health; d) Stakeholder participation; and e) Science and policy interphase. In this course, critical discussion is encouraged among students, as one of the platforms to direct thinking in translating manifestation of sustainability science concepts towards achieving sustainable development.
Master of Science: Environmental and Development	JSXX6012: Sustainability Science	SDG11	Sustainability concept is one of the main components in sustainable development for the economic, social and environmental aspects. This course provides basic understanding of sustainable development through five main pillars a) A historical evolution of sustainable development and the main question that guides the concept, b) An interlink between environment and community with the primary focus of transforming community into a sustainable society, c) Issues with resource utilisation in the process towards achieving sustainability and devising methods in achieving sustainable development, d) Integration of approaches and knowledge assimilation in understanding sustainability science, and e) Case study on practice-oriented cases in applying these pillars into individual research.

5. Faculty of Science and Technology (FST)
Link: www.ukm.my/fst

The Faculty of Science and Technology is one of the largest faculties at UKM that offers 21 undergraduate study programs that include more than 20 areas of specialization in pure science and applied science through management that relies on the expertise of FST academics. Undergraduate students are not only able to deepen their field of science but have the opportunity to gain knowledge in various other fields of science across social science studies in addition to having the opportunity to enhance the image of the university through courses that further improve their skills in management, communication and computers. Science and technology will play an important role in the development and progress of the country during this challenging and uncertain situation.

Programs available:

Undergraduate Program
Postgraduate Program

a) Undergraduate Programs
www.ukm.my/prasiswazahfst/en/v1-2

Table EE3.6 : List of courses related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at Faculty of Science and Technology

Program	Courses	SDG	Course Synopsis
Bachelor of Science with Honors (Environmental Science)	STAE1022: Energy Resources and the Environment	SDG7 SDG13	Importance of energy in development and the different resources of energy in our environment will be introduced. Generally, energy sources are categorized into non- renewable and renewable resources. Non-renewable energy resources are limited and can cause adverse effects on the environment. Renewable resources are safe, cost effective but technological limitations hinder its fullest potential. Suitable policies on energy resources ensure development with minimum negative effects.
	STAE1213: Principle of Environmental Sciences	SDG6 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	The discussion includes understanding on the environmental background, environmental systems which include elements in life, energy, ecosystem, and biogeochemical cycle. Evolution includes processes which control diversity, interactions that influence population growth and community dynamic, human population includes factors that influence population growth and demographic, biome which include marine environment, freshwater and terrestrial, biological diversity and environmental conservation such as forest, grassland and forest reserve. Explanation also covers environmental health, air, water resources, environmental geology including mineral and rocks, and geological resources conservation, energy, solid and hazardous wastes and environmental policy.
	STAE1223: Aquatic Ecology	SDG14	Focus is given on freshwater, brackish, sea shore and deep water’s types and functions. Biotic and abiotic factors interaction in freshwater environments was discussed. Different types of habitat in the ecosystem are also explained. Individual role and interaction in ecosystems such as mating strategy, feeding and survival are discussed. Ecosystem stability and changes due to human activities is discussed.
	STAE2033: Environmental Soil Science	SDG15	This course discusses the importance of soil to human beings. How the various soil types are formed by the influence of various environmental factors and processes? How the soil influences the well-being of the environment. Discussion includes inorganic and organic soil composition, chemical and physical characteristics of solid, liquid and gas phase. Discussion are also focused on components that give particular characteristics to soils, which can be manipulated for different uses (agriculture, mining, industry and recreation)to benefit humans.
	STAE2043: Statistics in Environmental Science	SDG6 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Major statistical concepts that are used in analyses and interpretation of data in environmental sciences are introduced. Emphasis is given more on descriptive statistics and test statistics which include hypothesis testing, estimations and predictions. Descriptive statistics include frequency table, class intervals, carts, pie, histograms, measurements of central distribution, mean, median, mode, intervals, variance, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. Discrete probability distributions which include uniform, binomial and Poisson are elaborated. Further discussion is on continuous distribution which include normal, t, gamma, and Chi Square. Univariate analyses of normal and non normal distribution like hypothesis testing are discussed which include estimation with errors, confidence intervals, degree of freedom and determination of hypothesis rejection zones. Finally, detailed discussion is on parametric statistical analyses like t-test, z-test and ANOVA, and nonparametric papers like Chi Square, regression and Kruskal Wallis.
	STAE2132: Soil Bioengineering	SDG15	Description of plant components utilization in improvement of soil structure and surface erosion control is discussed. The history and advantages of bioengineering applications are explained. The basics of physical soil and slope engineering application are also discussed. These also include erosion problems, slope failure and controlling factors are also described. Soil-plant-hydrology interactions and assessment in plant species selection are explained. Variety of soil bioengineering techniques is also discussed taking into account their suitability, merit and domestic application. Climate conditions, geology, soil and specific sites are also discussed. Different hydrological conditions and the applied bio engineering is also discussed.
	STAE2172: Biomonitoring	SDG14 SDG15	Biological monitoring is a method of how the biological entity is used in monitoring and assessing changes and stress in the environment. Case studies on the use of plants and animals such as brio fit, fish, algae, benthic macroinvertebrate and soil invertebrates in monitoring pollutants in the environment are discussed. The concept and use of various indices and biotic diversity are introduced. The use of biomarker, bioindicator, biosensor and bioassay in selected animals to identify early environmental exposure are also discussed. Examples on biomonitoring studies conducted in Malaysia are used in the discussion.
	STAE2233: Introduction to Remote Sensing and GIS	SDG9	Basics of remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) will be introduced. In basic of remote sensing, analysis of correlation between characteristics of environment and images, using different remote sensing systems will be explained. Procedure of obtaining images, processing of images and interpretation of images will also be discussed. The GIS history and development, spatial concept, geography data structure, software components and functions in GIS and implementation of spatial statistics are covered. Integration of remote sensing and GIS will be discussed to enhance understanding of spatial phenomenon.
	STAE2252: Hydrology	SDG6 SDG9 SDG14	Hydrology course is designed as a learning approach that involves the study of water resources. The main focus of this course is to discuss the basic concepts of hydrology involving theoretical and technical aspects, observation of the physical processes in the components of the hydrologic cycle and water resources management design. The processes in the hydrologic cycle such as evaporation, precipitation, infiltration, surface run off, interception, condensation and groundwater flow are emphasized. Disclosure of the technical aspects of the rainfall and surface runoff relationship, hydrologic routing and hydrograph and frequency analysis also will be described. Practical applications of hydrology areas such as urban drainage design or MSMA is also the essence of which will be introduced in the course aside from some basis for hydrological modelling.
	STAE2332: Disease and Environment	SDG 6 SDG11 SDG14 SDG15	Various pathogens of public health importance will be discussed. Examples of infectious agents such as virus, bacteria, protozoa and helminths that can be a threat to human health will be discussed from the aspects of infection, life cycles, mode of transmission and symptoms of diseases. Basic concepts on the pathogenesis of infectious disease will be discussed too. The course also emphasizes control strategies such as proper sanitation, personal hygiene and other measures to prevent infection.
	STAE2342: Mapping and Environmental Geomorphology	SDG9	Methods of mapping and geomorphology concepts are introduced. Mapping includes constructing and interpreting geology and topographical maps, cross section, introduction to specific geological maps such as subsurface geological maps and structural geology. Geomorphology processes which are weathering, mass wasting and erosion are also discussed. Field exercise on construction and interpretation of plan and topographic maps including observation of geomorphology landforms are conducted.
	STAE2432: Water Chemistry	SDG6	The discussion is on physicochemical characteristics of water and the interaction among various factors that determined these characteristics. The specific discussion is given on chemical reactions in water that can contribute to the understanding of water pollution, which include chemical processes in water related to pollution, transport and water toxicity. In addition, examples of acid rain and acid mine drainage occurrence and their effects on the water quality of rivers are also given. The importance of carbonate system, oxidation and reduction processes, and solubility products as well as kinetic and thermodynamics of the water body are discussed.
	STAE2433: Atmospheric Science	SDG13	This course emphasised on the basics of meteorological, biology, chemistry and earth physics. The main biological-chemical’s cycle occurring in the earth’s atmospheric layer and fluxes of greenhouse gases and air pollution poses impacts to global climate are discussed. Discussion is focused on ozone layer depletion, greenhouse effect and acid deposition. This course also describes the sampling method related to the chemistry of soil, water and air studies. Meteorological science modelling is introduced to predict the potential impacts on climate change. Mitigation on climate change is also discussed.
	STAE2443: Scientific Communication for Environmental Science	SDG9	Emphasis is given to the principle of information searching, manuscript writing and scientific information presentations. Exposure on systematic information searching is given. Exercise on journal and other exploratory publications is given in groups and candidates are thought for scientific manuscript writing. Technique for oral and poster presentations is tough and candidates are required to conduct oral and poster presentations individually.
	STAE2452: Environmental Toxicology	SDG9	The basic principles of toxicology and its relationship with the environment are introduced. Type of toxicity (acute and chronic), analysis and evaluation of toxicity, metabolism of toxic substances, including carcinogenic and teratogenesis concepts are also discussed. In addition, the causes and consequences of the presence of toxic substances in water environment, air and soil that can affect humans, such as heavy metals, pesticides, radioactive materials and applications in the field of forensic toxicology, clinical, risk assessment and hazard are also described
	STAE2542: Water Treatment Technology	SDG6	The focus of discussion is on the methods and technology used in drinking water and wastewater treatment and also steps in control of water pollution. Methods in drinking water and waste water treatments are also introduced. Further the chemical and biochemical principles involved in water quality alteration and its importance are elaborated. Methods elaborated include physical, chemical and biological/biotechnology treatments. Wastewater characteristics, principle of waste water treatment, sludge management and recycling of water are also discussed in detail.
	STAE2732: Water and Air Quality Analyses	SDG6	Focus of discussion is on the basic concept of water and air analysis. Methods in preparing solutions, calibration and quality control for water and air analysis are introduced. Further, the use of various units for interpretation of pollutant concentration is also emphasized. Standard methods for analysis of water and air quality parameters are highlighted. In addition, application of new technologies such as the use of sensors for water/air quality analysis and monitoring is introduced. Finally, the importance of water and air analysis and the respective quality indexes are discussed.
	STAE3052: Occupational Safety and Health	SDG11	The discussion includes the introduction to occupational safety and health, the involved acts and the environment at the working area. Explanation also covers the identification of various types of hazards such as physical, radiation, noise, vibration, chemical, biological, electrical, mechanical and psychological. Risk assessment and risk management, methods to carry out hazardous incident and emergency response planning were introduced. The discussion also covers industrial hygiene, occupational and safety management and the involved systems.
	STAE3053: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)	SDG11	Environmental impact assessment is the process of preparing environmental impact documents for the proposed development of the prescribed activities. Exposure is on the methods of environmental quality measurement of an existing environment covering the physical, biological, social, economic and environmental engineering. Further is the assessment of potential environmental impact on the environmental components and the proposed mitigation measures. Based on the findings of environmental study, an environmental management plan is prepared.
	STAE3062: Solid Waste and Scheduled Waste Management	SDG12	The introduction to solid waste and hazardous management especially in urban planning and industrial development are discussed. It will also focus on the management to control the production of the waste from industrial sectors such as production, processing and chemical industry and also domestic waste. The discussion also includes transportation, waste treatment and landfill recovery.
	STAE3152: Assessment and Management of Tropical Forest	SDG11	Distribution, characteristics and ecology of forest found in Malaysia is introduced. Methods of sustainable forest management are explained. To manage our forest sustainably requires detailed understanding of silviculture, phenology, and forest dynamics. First hand exposures are also given in the field where the best forest assessment methods are taught including sampling and identification of plants. Plant samples collected in the field require correct processing methods before cataloging and deposited as museum specimens.
	STAE3252: Pollutant Risk Assessment	SDG12	This course discusses the problems of pollutants; relationships between pollutant behaviour, toxicity and the final fate of the pollutants. Discussion also includes chemical transformation, biochemical and physical processes of the pollutants. Steps in pollutant hazard assessment and pollutant risk are also discussed. The determination of pollutant limit, purpose of remediation, pollution based on the risk, communication and risk management and the role of pollutant risk assessment in the environmental management are also included.
	STAE3262: Natural Disaster	SDG13	Concepts of hazards and risks of natural earth disasters are discussed in this course, apart from categories of disaster that are related to energy sources from the sun, such as wind movement, waves, clouds, water etc. Several disasters, which were due to internal and external earth activities are identified and discussed. Internal activities are those that are related to earth movements, such as earthquake, tsunami, volcano explosion and lava flow. External activities are processes that occur on the earth surface, such as hurricane, storm and tornado due to climate change, weathering process, movement of matter, flood, drought, erosion and landslides. Students are shown examples of environmental disasters caused by human development of technology, leaking of nuclear plants, faulty bridges, dams or other building structures. The techniques available for control, mitigation and environmental management concludes the course.
	STAE3362: Sanitation and Environmental Health in the Tropics	SDG6	Most infectious diseases occurring in developing tropical countries can be controlled or prevented by various steps. This course focuses on the effective ways in managing water, sewage and sludge that ensure better public health and reduce outbreak of diseases. The focus will be water pollution and health, clean water supply, water treatment processes, excreta disposal, sewage treatment and recycling of sludge as fertilizer. Steps in water management and excreta disposal are taught. Students will be informed on water quality standards, water supply in developing countries, water supply in rural areas and the water treatment processes. The course emphasizes on the modification of the waste system, sanitation program, modification of wastewater and composting, and correlation between reservoir, water system and vector carrying diseases.
	STAE3552: Wildlife Management	SDG15	Wildlife management requires understanding basic concepts and principles of management and interacting factors that influence the survival of wildlife, such as habitat and the surrounding environment. The three main objectives of wildlife management: conservation, harvest and control will be detailed out with examples of local wildlife species. Other main topics are law, enforcement and education, which are important for protection of wildlife especially the endangered species. Techniques in wildlife and habitat assessment and evaluations are also deliberated, which include estimating wildlife home range based on telemetry technique, behavioural observation, wildlife capture techniques and identification, population estimates and diversity assessments. Combinations of understanding basic concepts, principles and techniques will ensure the survival of wildlife species in Malaysia.
	STAE3562: Life Cycle Assessment	SDG12	This course discusses the concept and introduction to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a systematic analysis of global, regional and local material and energy flows and uses that are associated with products, processes, industrial sectors, and economies. Energy consumption, non-renewable and renewable materials consumption, air pollutant emissions, waterborne pollutant effluents and solid waste generation associated with human activities are tracked and discussed. Students are also introduced to these analyses as the foundation of LCA of products and services, which seeks to design and manage products and services that meet human needs in a sustainable manner. The definition and concept of Life cycle assessment as a comprehensive tool for identifying and evaluating the full environmental burdens associated with a product system from production through disposal are explained. This methodology is used for comparative analyses of alternatives including materials (bio-based vs petroleum based), energy systems (renewable and fossil fuels), consumer products and packaging, automotive component designs and residential construction methods.
	STAE3572: Land Management	SDG15	This course discusses land management especially in the tropics area. The discussion of problem land management in Malaysia namely acid sulphate soils, organic soils, bris soil, sand tailings, weathered soils and saline soils are the aspects of formation, physical and chemical properties as well as its management. Most of this problem soil has higher reclamation costs compared to other land to be developed and there are several specific types of plants suitable for planting in the area. The process and principles of soil erosion such as factors that cause soil erosion, types of soil erosion, and mechanics of soil erosion, models for estimating soil loss and methods to control soil erosion and improve agricultural soils and conserve are also discussed. This course also discussed the importance and practices in sustainable land management for managing soil fertility, nutrient and water for optimum and sustainable crop production.
	STAE3742: Environmental Pollution	SDG13	This course discusses current topics on soil contamination and remediation. The topics include the types of environmental contaminants and the sources of the contaminants. The various factors that caused contamination in soil and its impact on the environment are discussed in lectures and field trips. Laboratory simulations on the fate of these contaminants and what are the implications on its pathways, the soil bacteria and method of calculating contaminants in soil and the use of instrumentation are emphasized. Students are taught with integrating traditional management and green technologies for best management practices. Since this is a multidisciplinary subject, various experts are invited.
	STAE3752: Evaluation and Use of Land	SDG15	This course introduces to the student the type of land use that can be divided into major and minor land use. How the selection of land use should be carried out and why land use selection has to be carried out? In land evaluation, the quality of land need to be evaluated to determine its land use. Evaluation of land for any type of land use is meant to give merit to a particular land use based on its contribution to the economy and minimal negative impact to the environment.
	STAE3762: Environmental Remediation	SDG15	The presence of contaminants in soil in the form of metals and metalloids; organic and non- organics; xenobiotics, explosives or radionuclides and sewage disposal would turn valuable land into wasteland. New techniques that are environmentally friendly indicate that plants have the potential to remediate these contaminants from the soil. Conventional methods of in- situ or ex-situ remediation are compared with various phytoremediation techniques used in the cleanup. The concept of hyperaccumulator plants and its potential in phytoextraction, phytostabilazation, rhizofiltration, phytodegradation, phytovolatilization and phytorestoration concepts will be discussed. The significance and role of organisms, microbes and mammals in soil fertility is given a new emphasis. These organisms can act as a buffer to overcome soil pollution. Emphasis will be given to the needs to integrate traditional and new technologies for best management practices.
	STAE3952: Management and Environmental Ethics	SDG9	Introducing the concept of management and environmental ethics, which includes a discussion on the interaction of environmental management, followed by the application of principles and approaches to environmental management in addressing environmental problems? Additionally, the emphasis on the basic concepts of ethics and ethical approaches in environmental conservation is also given.
Bachelor of Science with Honors (Geology)	STAG3103: Environmental Issues and Assessment	SDG 6 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Students are exposed to entrepreneurs related to environmental impact assessment consultancy. Introduction to environmental geology. Fundamental environmental concepts. Soil, water, sediment and air environments. Geohazard; landslides, subsidence and karsts, erosion, siltation, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruption and tsunami. Environmental issues related to mining, quarrying, natural resource exploitation, engineering and infrastructural development, waste disposal, water pollution, manufacturing, agriculture and tourism. Hazard identification, preventive measures and environmental conservation. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process in Malaysia. Geoscience inputs in environmental impact assessment, environmental laws, geoscience monitoring, land use planning and management.
Bachelor of Science with Honors (Marine Science)	STAL3033: Environmental Pollution	SDG6 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	This course will discuss the major types, source and reaction substance of various environment pollutants especially have potential reaching to our coastal area. Discussion topic will involve the pollutant material regenerate, chemistry reactive, impact to environment and organisms, and entering procedure to coastal area. Discussion also on the enforcements of environment act especially related to the contamination on the coastal area and economy exclusive zone, pollution control and analytical procedures will be adapted in the environmental pollution research
	STAL3053: Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing	SDG6 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Remote sensing is a technology that captures images without touching the object. This advanced technology can be used to map, monitor and model resources and environment. This course will discuss electromagnetic energy, sensor and platforms, data resolution, processing and interpretation of digital image and remote sensing applications in marine science. The lectures will be strengthened by lab activities and fieldwork. Students will be trained to use image processing software’s such as ERDAS Imagine, GIS and SeaDAS.
	STAL3062: Management and Conservation of Marine Resources	SDG6 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Marine ecosystems and its resources are being threatened by overexploitation and rapid development of the coastal areas of most maritime states. This course discusses Malaysia’s threatened ecosystems and resources. The management plans implemented and will be implemented to conserve and restore the marine ecosystems and resources and effectiveness of these management plans will also be discussed.
	STAL3082: Introduction to Aquaculture	SDG14	This course will introduce a direct approach on the development history of aquaculture marine animal industry such as seaweeds, mollusc, fishes and others. Specific topics discussed included practical aspects, design and assessment of project engineering and site selection, stock control and handling, nutrition requirement, feed formulation, live fish transportation and aquaculture economics. This course will also focus on case study, practical’s and site visits for the purpose of student exposure to various technical aspects, social and aquaculture environment. Problems and opportunities for aquaculture industry developments in Malaysia will also be discussed.
	STAL3253: Introduction to Marine Meteorology	SDG14	This course introduces the basic characteristics of the atmosphere and its interactions with the ocean as well as how these interactions impact the weather system. The topics include: physical and chemical characteristics of the atmosphere, influence of wind on the ocean, storm and typhoon formation, basic weather prediction and global climate change. Students will be trained to read and interpret weather maps and charts.
	STAL3283: Biogeochemistry and Elemental Cycles	SDG14 SDG15	This course explores the chemistry and cycling of elements across the earth’s surface with special emphasis on nutrients, human impacts and global change. The basic biogeochemical processes are introduced and then integrated to explain the global cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur and how these are changed by human activities. Group discussions will incorporate current topics in anthropogenic alterations of natural cycles that lead to ecosystem degradation. The use of naturally occurring stable and radioactive isotopes as tracers of biogeochemical processes will also be discussed.
	STAP3032: Environmental Impact Assessment	SDG6 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Environmental impact assessment is the process of preparing environmental impact documents for the proposed development of the prescribed activities listed under Environmental Quality Act. Emphasis is on the methods of environmental quality measurement of the existing environment covering the physical, biological, social, economic and environmental engineering. Further is the assessment of potential environmental impact on the environmental components and the proposed mitigation measures. Based on the findings of environmental study, an environmental management plan is prepared.

b) Postgraduate Programs
www.ukm.my/siswazahfst/en

Table EE3.7: List Postgraduate Programs related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at Faculty of Science and Technology

Program	Field of Studies/ Course	SDG	Course Synopsis
Research Program
Postgraduate Master of Science (Research Mode)	Environmental Science Link	SDG6 SDG7 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science that studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of ecosystems. Environmental science aims to understand three things: natural phenomena, how humans interact with the environment, and how humans impact their environment. Environmental science is concerned with determining the best ways for humans to interact with their environment, which has resulted in ecosystem services such as water purification, air purification, and waste product recycling. Environmental science research topics include physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the environment. The research is primarily concerned with environmental conservation and prevention.
	Nuclear Science Link	SDG9	Nuclear science fields cover the topics on changes and reactions at the nucleus level of the element; the origin and sources of various natural and man-made radiations; the effects on matter, environment and living organisms; safety aspects; law and regulations involving the usage of the nuclear technology for the benefits of mankind. Besides those areas, nuclear security and safeguard were also being part of the areas that can be studied due to global concern around the world. The discipline also integrates the knowledge from past, current and future applications of the nuclear technology in Malaysia and worldwide such as in medical, manufacturing, power generation, food and agriculture, non-destructive tests, environmental research, and consumer products.
	Marine Science Link	SDG14	Marine science programme encompasses studies of the ocean’s physical characteristics and its resources, both living and non-living. The programme covers almost the entire sub-fields of the marine domain such as biology, physiology, ecology, diversity, and taxonomy of marine organisms (fishes, invertebrates, bacterioplankton, phytoplankton) and plants (seagrass, seaweed, macroalgae), marine biotechnology, marine chemistry, marine geology, marine remote sensing and GIS. Physical disciplines such as oceanography, marine meteorology, ocean climate are also covered in the programme.
Doctor of Philosophy	Environmental Science Link	SDG6 SDG7 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science that studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of ecosystems. Environmental science aims to understand three things: natural phenomena, how humans interact with the environment, and how humans impact their environment. Environmental science is concerned with determining the best ways for humans to interact with their environment, which has resulted in ecosystem services such as water purification, air purification, and waste product recycling. Environmental science research topics include physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the environment. The research is primarily concerned with environmental conservation and prevention.
	Environmental Conservation Link	SDG6 SDG7 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Environmental conservation is the planned management of natural resources for the preservation of the environment’s diversity. The major scopes of environmental conservation include pollution control, natural resource utilisation and development, addressing issues related to global warming and climate change, managing extreme events, natural hazards, and disasters, developing in the field of environmental engineering, ecosystem management, and habitat conservation, and so forth. The research area incorporated several subjects, including science and social studies in order to identify safe production and consumption practises to reduce the negative effects of human activity on the environment.
	Environmental engineering Link	SDG6 SDG7 SDG9 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Environmental engineering is the scientific study of using engineering principles to improve environment, including air, water, land, and natural resources, as well as providing clean water, air, and land for humans and other organisms to live on and cleaning up polluted sites. Environmental engineering covers major topics in environmental service provision, such as water supply, wastewater treatment, sustainable resource management, and pollution control. It entails the design and construction of water and wastewater treatment plants, buildings, and industrial infrastructure, the fate and transport of contaminants in air, surface water, groundwater, and soil as well as the development of remediation strategies to keep these environments safe for public health and ecological services. The course emphasises the practical application of technical knowledge such as mathematics and physical sciences, as well as their applications to all areas of environmental engineering to real-world and societal problems.
	Nuclear science Link	SDG7 SDG9	Nuclear science fields cover the topics on changes and reactions at the nucleus level of the element; the origin and sources of various natural and man-made radiations; the effects on matter, environment and living organisms; safety aspects; law and regulations involving the usage of the nuclear technology for the benefits of mankind. Besides those areas, nuclear security and safeguard were also being part of the areas that can be studied due to global concern around the world. The discipline also integrates the knowledge from past, current and future applications of the nuclear technology in Malaysia and worldwide such as in medical, manufacturing, power generation, food and agriculture, non-destructive tests, environmental research, and consumer products.
	Marine science Link	SDG14	Marine science programme encompasses studies of the ocean’s physical characteristics and its resources, both living and non-living. The programme covers almost the entire sub-fields of the marine domain such as biology, physiology, ecology, diversity, and taxonomy of marine organisms (fishes, invertebrates, bacterioplankton, phytoplankton) and plants (seagrass, seaweed, macroalgae), marine biotechnology, marine chemistry, marine geology, marine remote sensing and GIS. Physical disciplines such as oceanography, marine meteorology, ocean climate are also covered in the programme.
	Botany Link	SDG15	Botany, also known as plant biology, is a branch of biology that studies plants and their structure, function, growth, and evolution. Botany research encompasses a wide range of topics, from molecular and cellular biology to ecology and evolution, and includes both basic and applied research. Some of the major areas of focus in botany research include plant physiology, plant genetics and genomics, plant ecology, plant systematics, and plant biotechnology. The findings from botany research have practical applications in fields such as agriculture, forestry, horticulture, pharmacology, and environmental conservation. Botany research is important for understanding and addressing some of the most pressing global challenges, such as climate change, food security, and biodiversity loss, making it a vital and exciting field of study.
Coursework Programme
Master of Science: Environmental Assessment and Monitoring (Coursework) Link	STAB6084: Natural Resource and Environmental Economics	SDG7 SDG9	The course discusses the economic principles of natural and environmental resource conservation. Issues in the sustainable economy of renewable and non-renewable resources, economic valuation of natural resource goods and environmental functions and their incorporation into a cost benefit analysis of development projects versus conservation will be given special attention. A discussion on the use of economic and market-based instruments to encourage natural and environmental resource conservation will be provided.
	STAB6054: Conservation Ethics and Legislation	SDG9	Ethics and law are essential to conservation. The former sets the objective, and the latter the legal basis. This course will briefly introduce by way of background, the basic issues relating to conservation ethics and law. General ethical concerns, the evolution of laws relating to biological resources, habitat and ecosystems, at both global and national levels will be sketched. Various principles and concepts relating to biological conservation will also be discussed, to identify the inherent values (ethics). Institutional roles and functions will be outlined to describe the accountability and responsibility attached in implementing laws for conservation. The relationship between science, ethics and law will also be analysed in brief.
	STAE6013: Management of Lake Ecosystems and Wetlands	SDG14	This course will commence with the introduction of lakes and wetland ecosystems. Its uses and ecosystem function are based on case studies of Tasik Chini and Putrajaya lake, which have been intensively studied and researched. The management of both lakes as natural and manmade in terms of lake ecosystems and as a wetland will be widely discussed. The significance of research such as limnology, bathymetry and ecohydrology that could give a better understanding in both lakes and wetland. It is important to stress the issues of governance as most acts on lakes and wetland are under the jurisdiction of state acts. Case studies in Malaysia and other countries are taken into account. The watershed poses an important scenario to climate change; therefore the microclimate influence plays an important role. Watersheds are confined to areas surrounding ridges, which need to be mapped using GIS and remote sensing to look at large areas as a whole. Both flora and fauna are related to forest and its climate.
	STAE6303: Procedures and Techniques in EIA	SDG11	The focus of this course is on the procedure and technique of EIA based on the existing environmental law. These include screening, elaboration on prescribed activity, scoping, preliminary and detailed EIA, evaluation of impact, mitigation and data reporting. Procedures on environmental auditing and monitoring will also be discussed. Social impact analysis shall also be looked at in order to achieve a comprehensive study on the environment in relation to sustainable development.
	STAE6323: Assessment and Monitoring of Air and Water Quality	SDG6	This course will commence with discussions on types of noise, air and water pollution, their principal sources, indexes used to assess their qualities as well as the pertinent law and regulations. Various monitoring techniques including use of bioassays, biomarkers and biosensors will be discussed. Field and laboratory measurements of water, air and noise parameters, calculation of the various indexes and computer modeling for noise, air and water quality will be undertaken. Students are also required to write an essay of not more than 5000 words on a related project paper of their choice; either in group or individually.
Master of Science: Marine Science(Coursework) Link	STAL6013: Advance Marine Ecology	SDG14	In this course, marine ecology will be discussed in detail with emphasis on tropical and subtropical oceans. Main aspects discussed include the primary and secondary productivities. This is followed by discussion regarding the consumer population dynamics, consumer competition, and the relationship between consumer and producer. Furthermore, marine community dynamics and structure will be discussed which include trophic structure, taxonomy structure, space dynamics and community development. Biogeochemistry processes and cycles that function in the marine environment will be discussed. Short term and long term changing processes occurring in the marine environment and the effects of these changes will be emphasized at the end of the course.
	STAL6023: Mariculture	SDG14	This course will discuss in detail the recent development of marine organism culture such as selected fish species, bivalves, cephalopods, crustaceans and other potential marine species. Topics discussed begin with several relevant technical aspects in site selection, pond or floating cage preparation in marine ecosystem, handling and control of cultured stock species, aquaculture nutrition and feed formulation, transportation of life cultured organism and economical mariculture management aspect. The course will also include several case studies in relation to field visits in selected mariculture sites in Peninsular Malaysia.
	STAL6033: Marine Microbiology and Biotechnology	SDG14	This course will discuss in more detail on microorganism activity in the ocean. Studies in molecule marine microbiology involve processes including the bioremediation in hydrocarbon degradation, interaction between microbe and metals, and adaptation of microbe on extreme pressure and temperature will be emphasized. Moreover, metabolite bioactive aspects involved in the marine microorganism symbiotic interaction will also be discussed. Studies are corresponding with the biotechnology approach particularly in systematic characteristics of marine microorganism and bioremediation. Practical methods will be emphasized on the DNA extraction, PCR process, gene sequencing, data analysis and management.
	STAL6034: Data Analysis Methods in Marine Sciences	SDG14	Oceanographic and climatological/meteorological studies are often involved in manipulation and utilization of complex spatial-temporally distributed datasets. These datasets are archived in various formats in order to facilitate transmission of abundant data over the internet. This course introduces processing of these data formats. Several software packages that are often used will be introduced. Besides, modern analysis techniques for spatial and temporally distributed data will also be discussed. These techniques include spatial analysis, modern time series analysis as well as the concurrent spatial-temporal analysis.
	STAL6043: Management and Conservation of Marine Resources	SDG14	This course will discuss mainly human exploitation activities on coastal and offshore fisheries resources. Global history and fishery resource exploitation flow of the selected fishes species, status and levels of world fisheries resource management, and fishery modeling tools used in marine fishery stock assessment will also be discussed. Detailed discussion will focus on current development on several aspects of marine resource management that include policy and legal aspects of management and conservation of marine resources.
	STAL6103 Advance Marine Chemistry	SDG14	This course covers advanced aspects of marine chemistry which is focused on the important aspects of ocean systems. The controlled process composition of seawater and chemical species in the ocean will be discussed. The discussion will focus on the marine chemical characteristics that occurred which are related to the seafloor, atmosphere and marine organisms. Discussion on the latest research related to marine chemistry will also be conducted.
	STAL6213: Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography	SDG14	This course provides in-depth understanding of physical oceanographic processes at coastal, shelf sea and estuary. The first part of this course covers the physical aspects of estuaries. These include estuary classification, circulation, stratification, mixing processes as well as wave and tidal influences. The sediment and pollutant transport in the estuary will also be discussed. The second part of this course covers oceanographic processes at coastal and shelf sea. These include mixing processes, wave and tidal influences, circulation and currents, stratification and fronts. Exchanges between shelf sea and open ocean will also be discussed.
Master of Science: Biology Conservation (Coursework) Link	STAP6033: Biogeography	SDG11	Biogeography is a multidisciplinary science related to biology, geography, geology, paleontology and ecology. Biogeography seeks to answer basic questions such as why are there so many living creatures. Why are they distributed in the way they are? Have they always occupied current distribution patterns? Is the present activity of humans affecting these patterns? What are their prospects for the future? In this course students will acquire knowledge on the science of biogeography. This course is organized in four parts. The first part covers the ecological setting that includes geographical variation in the physical environment and limits of species distribution. The second part involves the historical setting such as speciation, extinction, dispersal, endemism and reconstructing biogeographic histories. The third part covers distribution of taxa in space and time and the fourth part includes ecological biogeography such as the equilibrium theory of island biogeography, island patterns and processes, and conservation.
	STAP6014: Natural Resource Prospecting	SDG7 SDG11	The aim of this course is to identify the types and distribution of natural resources that exist on this planet. The term natural resource refers to both biotic resources (living organisms) and biotic resources (e.g. soil, water, limestone formations, petroleum, coal, gold etc.). The course will emphasize on the fact that natural resources need to be utilized by mankind. But at the same time, there needs to be some sort of balance between exploitation and conservation of these resources to minimize environmental destruction/degradation and meet the needs of future generations.
	STAB6054: Conservation Ethics and Legislation	SDG9	Ethics and law are essential to conservation. The former sets the objective, and the latter the legal basis. This course will briefly introduce by way of background, the basic issues relating to conservation ethics and law. General ethical concerns, the evolution of laws relating to biological resources, habitat and ecosystems, at both global and national levels will be sketched. Various principles and concepts relating to biological conservation will also be discussed, to identify the inherent values (ethics). Institutional roles and functions will be outlined to describe the accountability and responsibility attached in implementing laws for conservation. The relationship between science, ethics and law will also be analysed in brief.
	STAB6084: Natural Resource and Environmental Economics	SDG7 SDG11	The course discusses the economic principles of natural and environmental resource conservation. Issues in the sustainable economy of renewable and non-renewable resources, economic valuation of natural resource goods and environmental functions and their incorporation into a cost benefit analysis of development projects versus conservation will be given special attention. A discussion on the use of economic and market-based instruments to encourage natural and environmental resource conservation will be provided.
	STAB6013 : Conservation Biology	SDG11	The earth is now in a critical period for the survival of its natural ecosystems and their plant and animal members. Conservation biology is a multidisciplinary science that has been developed to deal with this crisis. Conservation biology is not just about maintaining viable populations of all species. Conservation is also about moral philosophy, social justice, economics and politics. The course will be divided into a number of sections to reflect this multidisciplinary approach, namely the origins of conservation biology; biological diversity and its importance; threats to biological diversity; protection, restoration and management of populations, species, habitats and ecosystems; and economics and sustainable development.
	STAB6034 : Population and Community Ecology	SDG9	Population and community are the two most important subjects in ecology. Population ecology is the study of populations of animals and plants, a population being a group of interbreeding organisms, while community ecology is the study of any assemblage of populations in a prescribed area or habitat. In this course, populations are analyzed in terms of their variability, density, and stability, and of the environmental and other processes and circumstances that affect these characteristics. Among such determinants of a given population are birth and death rates; the distribution of ages and sexes; behavioral patterns of competition and cooperation; predator-prey, host-parasite, and other relationships with different species; food supplies and other environmental considerations; and migration patterns. Further, communities are analyzed based on traditional characteristics; diversity, dominance, growth form and structure, trophic structure and relative abundance; and described as a distinctive living system with development and function. In analyses and assessment of populations and communities, mathematical models and indices that incorporate as many determinants and variables are used to predict the effect of change in any one determinant may have on a population and community
Master of Science: Entomology (Coursework) Link	STAB6624: Insect Ecology	SDG15	This course will discuss the habit and role of insects from an ecological perspective. The discussion on the ecological aspects that cover insect growth, development, survival, reproduction, role of host, abiotic and biotic factors, adaptation, genetic variation, life support system and distribution pattern in nature and for application perspective will be heavily emphasized. The concept of insects in ecosystem, diversity and trophic structure, role as decomposer, pollinator, vector and the dynamic and regulator of insect pest population will also be discussed. The diversity and conservation aspects with examples of highly valuable insects ecologically, economically, medicinal and aesthetic as well as those of protected species will also be discussed.
	STAB6644: Insect Pest Management	SDG15	This course will discuss the principles of Integrated Insect Pest Management (IPM). The important components that ensure the success of IPM, such as basic biology, ecology, insect behavior, biotic and abiotic factors, types of damage, economic threshold levels, monitoring, sampling, strategies and techniques of pest control that are environmental friendly using biological control agents (predators, parasitoids, pathogens and microbial insecticides) will be discussed. Students will also be introduced to the concept of on-line and modeling development for ‘Integrated Pest Management Program’ (IPM), and how best to implement (including on aspects of agricultural law) and evaluate socially, politically and environmentally acceptable in a borderless economic era. The law of pesticide development, usage and selling and aspect of insect quarantine will also be discussed. Additionally, students will be introduced to contributions of biotechnology methods and techniques to the progress and success of IPM. At the end of the course students are required to develop an IPM for the current three species of major insect pests of their selected crops.
	STAB6664: Medical and Urban Entomology	SDG11	This course will discuss the introduction and classification of insects of medical importance (human, domestic and husbandry animals), structural insect pests as well as those infesting food, stored products and other materials. Students will also be exposed to biological, ecological and behavioral aspects of medical and urban insect pests, and the latest control approaches (integrated management) especially using methods and strategies that are environmentally friendly, easy to be used, cheap and socially acceptable. In addition, legal aspects and the impact of each control method to the economy and politics will also be discussed. The discussion will focus more on mosquitoes, flies (including Drosphila melanagaster), cockroaches, termite, fleas, bedbugs, ticks and mites. Visit to centres or research institutes related to this course will be conducted to give opportunity to students to relate what is taught in classes with what has been or being done to insects of medical, urban or structural, stored product importance. At the end of the course students are required to prepare a term paper with the topic of their choice related to insects that have been discussed in this course.
Master of Science: Radiation and Nuclear Safety (Coursework) Sources: Link	STSN6142: Environmental Engineering of Nuclear Power	SDG7 SDG9	This course covers the environmental effects of nuclear power and radiation. Radiological assessment methods and characterizing the various radiation sources are dealt directly with analysis. Liquid effluent management and dispersion of gaseous radioactive nuclides and transport or migration of radioactivity through surface water, underground water and biosphere are described. Finally environmental pathway modelling is examined and compared.
	STSN6412: Radioactive Waste Management	SDG7 SDG12	This course covers types of nuclear waste, waste classification and overall management like treatment and disposal of radioactive waste from NPP and treatment facilities, solidification and volume reduction technology, package and transportation, interim storage and disposal repository, repository safety analysis, decommission and decontamination, and spent fuel management are treated in this course.

6. Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities (FSSK)
Link: www.ukm.my/fssk/v2

At the Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, we prioritize holistic learning through various interesting activities involving students and staff. From seminars, workshops, and volunteering programs to cultural and sporting events, every activity is designed to encourage collaboration, creativity, and student skill development. We believe that these activities not only enrich the academic experience, but also build stronger relationships within the FSSK community.

Programs available:

Undergraduate Program
Postgraduate Program

a) Undergraduate Programs
www.ukm.my/fssk/v2/?page_id=35539

Table EE3.8: List of courses related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities

Program	Courses	SDG	Course Synopsis
Bachelor of Social Sciences with Honours (Geography)	SKAG1013: Global Environmental Dynamics	SDG12 SDG13	This course is a fundamental course of the global physical environment. The aim of this course is for students to understand the physical processes and interaction of physical processes in the earth spheres that cause the change of the global environment. The dynamics of the global environment will be explained based on the spheres of atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. The main learning outcome of this course is that students will be able to understand the interaction of physical processes in the earth spheres that causes the dynamics of the global environment
	SKAG2093: Atmospheric Studies	SDG13	This course is about weather and climate. The main objective of this course is to provide knowledge and understanding of theories, concepts and processes in the climatology discipline. Students will study the formation and movement of wind, humidity and air stability as well as various weather phenomena associated with atmospheric space. The main learning outcome of this course is that students will understand the main features of the world weather and climate, and the principles and analysis of weather data.
	SKAG2163: Environmental Impact Assessment	SDG11	This course is about the process of environmental impact assessment. The main objective of this course is for students to understand the process and procedure of environmental impact assessment as practiced in Malaysia. Students will learn the principles and process of impact assessment at each stage of the assessment. The main learning outcome of this course is that students will understand the process and procedure.
	SKAG3063: Basin Hydrology & Water Resources Management	SDG6	This course is about the river basin as a hydrological pond and water resources management. The main objective of this course is for students to understand the function of the river basin as a hydrological pond. Students will learn the function of the river basin as a catchment and water resource areas, and the aspect of integrated water resources management. The main learning outcome of this course is for students to understand the need to manage water resources in an integrated manner
	SKAG3113: Environmental Development and Management	SDG11	This course is about the development agenda and environmental issues in Malaysia. The main objective of this course is for students to understand the environmental impact associated with the national development agenda. Students will discuss the national development agenda since independence and environmental issues that occurred from the development process. Students will also learn the National Environmental Policy as a driver of sustainable development and environment. The main learning outcome of this course is that students are able to discuss the impact of development on the environment and recognize the need to implement environmentally friendly development.
	SKAG3143: Climate Change	SDG13	This course is about the phenomenon of global climate change. The main objective of this course is for students to understand the situation of climate change and the factors of global climate change. Students will also learn the issue of global warming, greenhouse effect, anthropogenic factors and changes in sea level resulting from climate change. The main learning outcome of this course is for students to understand the impact of climate change to global and local climate, and be able to explain the mitigation measures that could reduce the impact of climate change on human life and environment.
	SKAG3243: Water Resource Management	SDG6	This course is about the management of water resources from atmospheric, terrestrial and underground sources. The main purpose of this course is for students to understand various aspects of water resource management and the current smarter approach in dealing with issues and challenges in water resource management. Important topics that will be introduced in this course are ecosystem health, water quality, nature-based solutions, and integrated management of water resources. The main learning outcome of this course is that students are able to analyze various issues and challenges in water resource management.
	SKAG3253: Integrated Waste Management	SDG12	This course is about the waste generation process, waste treatment technology and waste disposal. The main purpose of this course is for students to understand the various issues of waste in Malaysia and strategies to overcome the problem of waste management. Students will also learn aspects of waste management and disposal, solid waste management policies and environmentally friendly treatment technologies in integrated waste management. The main learning outcome of this course is that students understand the various types of waste and integrated management aspects of waste management.
	SKAG3283: Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Management	SDG13	This course is about the aspect of risk assessment and management of natural hazards. The main objective of this course is for students to understand the hazards and risk assessment process. Students learn the concepts of hazards and natural hazard mapping, forecasting and modelling. The main learning outcome of this course is for students to be able to assess the level of risk and hazard probability potential.
	SKAG3303: Urban and Regional Planning	SDG11	This course introduces concepts and basic theories in urban planning and regional development. The main objective of this course is for students to understand the issues on urban planning and the imbalances of regional development process in Malaysia. Students also learn the structure plan and local plan for town planning, and regional strategy for national development. The main learning outcome of this course is for students to understand the process of planning and regional development in Malaysia

b) Postgraduate Programs
www.ukm.my/fssk/v2/?page_id=35571

Table EE3.9: List postgraduate programs related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities

Program	Courses	SDG	Course Synopsis
Research Program
Master’s degree in social sciences :Geography/Doctor of Philosophy	SKAG6033: River Catchment Studies	SDG6	River catchment study combines theoretical and practical approaches in hydrology, geomorphology and catchment management perspectives. The intermediate and advanced levels of hydrology and geomorphology are discussed in detail with a focus on the process and event in urban and natural catchment. Students will be exposed to the concept of inter relationships between hydro geomorphology and humans in catchment areas. Examples of catchment’s imbalance and process analysis will be discussed.
	SKAG6043: Development and Environment	SDG9 SDG14 SDG15	This course deals with inter-relationship between human needs with resources and environment. The coverage of the course includes issues relating to human development and natural and social resources, management of human development and environment for sustainable development. The issues of developmental impact on the physical and social environment will be given special treatment, using Malaysian experiences as examples.
	SKAG6113: Climate Change Studies	SDG13	This course attempts to discuss changes in earth atmospheric characteristics due to changes in the global environment. The contents of the course is physical climate and its dynamic, climate observation, modelling, prediction and understanding the risks and issues of climate change. Besides, the course also attempts to look into development processes as one of the factors of climate change as well as efforts to mitigate this problem. Other topics are prediction of climate change, the impact and mitigation measure that reduce this effect
	SKAG6133: Coastal Studies	SDG14	The course discusses the environment and all geomorphological processes that occur in the coastal zone as its management. Processes will include erosion and sedimentation as well as the importance of wave, tide, and wind in influencing the land physical features. The dynamic of coastal zones, whether from natural or unnatural aspects, will be discussed in the contexts of management, based on national and international examples.
	SKAG6143: Settlement and Development	SDG11	The present course discusses the relationship between settlement systems and national development. Focus discussion is on theory and development paradigm, as well as their implications for the settlement system. Attention is also given to policies and strategies for rural and urban development within the context of various development approaches. The discussion also focuses on the issue related to modern economies with special reference to metropolitan cities in the era of globalization and its resultant spatial impacts.
	SKAG6213: Land Cover Change Studies	SDG11	The course discusses changes in land uses for development, especially forest cover. Land uses changes will relate to global issues such as changes in biogeochemical and its effects on change in sea level, greenhouse gas and human activities. The course will also discuss factors that influence changes in land uses. Land uses modeling will be introduced in planning sustainable land uses development to ensure a healthy environment.
	SKAG6233: Health and Environment	SDG3	Human health can be influenced by environmental conditions. This course attempts to observe the relationship between human health status and environmental conditions. This course will focus on environmental elements at certain localities, their influences and effects on human health as well as human comfort abilities.
	SKAG6243: Urbanization and Urban Management	SDG11	The present course discusses the process of urbanisation, urban place and its management in the era of globalization with particular reference to Malaysia. Discussion covers the patterns of urbanisation, urban issues and management highlighting the process of democracy, urban poverty, housing, quality of life, waste management, urban competitiveness and sustainable urban development. Urban governance and the role of local authority in providing services as well as managing urban development will also be discussed.
	SKAG6253: Environment Management	SDG11 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	The aim of the course is to discuss the importance of environmental management in an integrated and holistic manner. Students will be exposed to processes and the relationship between all-important environmental components in physical and human aspects as well as process change and their impacts on the environment. Focus will be on current global and local situations as basic management. The integrated environmental management will be reviewed through legal and non-legal means in the contexts of concepts and principle of sustainable development.
Master’s degree in Environmental Management/ Doctor of Philosophy	SKPS6013: Environmental Ethics	SDG11 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	Man interaction with, and utilization of the environment do involve important issues of responsibility, management, decision making and consequences all of which are ethical and moral in nature. This course begins by introducing students to various perspectives of environmental ethics and proceeds with examining several empirical cases of environmental management issues implicating these various perspectives of environmental ethics.
	SKPS6023: Principles of Environmental Management, Administration and Law	SDG11 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	This course is initiated with the development of management ideas and concepts. Environmental management strategies via legislation and their enforcement. In addition, this course also analyzes environmental management strategies via non-legal approach, environmental management tools as well as corporate social responsibility and the sustainability of organizations.
	SKPS6043: Environmental Pollution Controls	SDG11 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	This course focuses its discussions on all source of pollutants, which cause environmental pollution including noise, air, radioactive and solid waste. Students will be exposed to the details and definitions of pollution, source of pollutants, measurement parameters and evaluation. Technologies in pollution control and pollution treatment as well as the legal aspects of environmental control will also be discussed.
	SKPS6053: Environmental Economics	SDG9	This course explains the economic approach in the question of how value, institutions and human decision generate impacts on the quality of the environment. This course also discusses how the effective policy and controlling framework can be developed. Main topics include economic externalities, method of direct-control, economic instruments, economic control analysis, cost benefit analysis, and environmental evaluation.
	SKPS6004: Methods in Environmental Management Research	SDG9	This course exposes students to the principles and methods of undertaking research in the field of environmental management. The first part introduces, explains and discusses basic concepts of research, procedure in conducting research, and method of reporting research results according to this approach. Main topics covered in this section are the concept of scientific research, research questions, literature review, quantitative and qualitative research, application of social science, pure science and policy approach in environmental management research; preparation of research proposal, and research ethics. The second part focuses on methods of data collection, sampling, methods of analyzing data, use of bivariate and multivariate statistics, and methods of presenting the result of data analysis.
	SKPS6213: Urban Environmental Management	SDG11	This course discusses the concepts of urban ecosystem and its management. Urbanization process occurs through the growth of urban population and land use changes, which bring direct impacts on the urban ecosystem, resulting from water, air and solid waste pollution. In Malaysia, urban environmental management is carried out based on the Local Authority Areas Act 171 (1976) and other related acts.
	SKPS6133: Environmental Management Systems (EMS)	SDG9	This course discusses the concepts of Environmental Management System and the basic elements required inan effective environmental management system. One of the environmental management systems is the ISO 14000 standard. Elements in ISO 14000 include development of a policy on environment, objectives, monitoring and measure of effectiveness, and re-evaluation of existing systems for total improvement. Application of the elements will be discussed, such as EPE and LCA. Examples of implementations and ISO 14000 certification process in Malaysia will also be taught.
	SKPS6143: Environmental Audit	SDG9	This course discusses in detail the concepts, principles and process of environmental audit. A number of audit types will be introduced. However, emphasis will be on general audit of the environment, audit in the process of preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), audit in the Environmental Management System, and Social Audit. Discussion will be focused on the implementation and procedures of the audits with the objective to familiarize students with the techniques.
	SKPS6153: Drainage Basin Management	SDG6	This course introduces to student’s concepts in integrated management of drainage basins which emphasis on aspects of the environment. Students will be exposed to physical processes, which occur in a drainage basin as well as changes in the process due to the impacts of human activities on the environment especially with regards to erosion, sedimentation and water pollution. Emphasis is given to the importance of reservoirs, drainage systems and wetland, as well as development planning related to water resources and its supply. Planning and Management of the drainage basin will also take into account policy, strategy, and institution and support mechanism.
	SKPS6163: Environmental Disaster and Risk Management	SDG13	This course is designed to explain aspects of environmental disaster and risk management. The course emphasizes concepts, process and mitigation for reducing impacts of disaster either before or after the event. The discussions also touch on measures in reducing risk in the long term as a reaction to the disaster either natural or man-made.
	SKPS6173: Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Management	SDG11	This course introduces to students concepts in occupational safety and health management systems, system approaches, and the development and use of an effective occupational safety and health management systems. It directly discusses the implementation of occupational safety and health management systems in the working environment, both in the developing and developed countries. The role of organizations particularly the management will be assessed especially in terms of compliance to the occupational safety and health system series OHSAS 18000 and ILO/OSH, which is a new paradigm in the management of occupational safety
	SKPS6123: Procedures in Environmental Impact Assessment	SDG11	Development can only be achieved on the basis of balanced assessment, before a development strategy, plan, program and project in a country is passed and implemented. This course tries to put forward the economic, social and environmental impact assessment methods and techniques. Among them are several approaches pertaining to the process and activities in social and environmental impact assessment, model, and techniques of analysis and prediction. The emphasis is on carrying out impact assessment from a multidisciplinary approach.

7. Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB)
Link: www.ukm.my/jurutera/ms/utama

The plan to establish the Faculty of Engineering began with the establishment of the Industrial Chemistry Unit and the Electronics Unit under the auspices of the Faculty of Science on May 1, 1978. Both units offered programs related to the field of engineering to students of the faculty of science at undergraduate level. In 1980, the Industrial Chemistry Unit was renamed the Chemical Technology Unit offering a Chemical Technology Program. The year 2002 marked the establishment of the fifth department which is the Department of Architecture which offers programs based on architecture. In addition, the Engineering Basic Studies Unit was established in 2005, specifically to handle mathematics courses and generic courses such as communication and critical thinking.

Programs available:

Undergraduate Program
Postgraduate Program

a) Undergraduate Programs
https://www.ukm.my/jurutera/en/prospective-undergraduate/

Table EE3.10: List of courses related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Program	Courses	SDG	Course Synopsis
Bachelor of Civil Engineering with Honours	KKCE1223: Environmental Engineering for Civil Engineer	SDG9 SDG11	This subject exposes students to the basic and fundamental knowledge of engineering sciences in managing and solving environmental pollution problems. Students are exposed to methods to distinguish the sources of pollution and effects posed on the environment and public health. Students are also expected to learn the methodologies availability to control pollution. Topics will cover most of the sustainability aspects in related civil engineering work which include sustainability in the building industry, water quality and pollution, water treatment and water supply, wastewater treatment, stormwater management, solid waste management, air pollution and noise pollution.
	KKCE2343: Engineering Hydrology and Water Resources	SDG6 SDG9	This course introduces the students to the hydrologic cycle and its eight components. The equipment used to measure various hydrologic data including rainfall, streamflow, evaporation rate and infiltration rate are also introduced. Explanation is given about the catchment area/river basin/watershed, Thiessen Polygon Method, Isohyetal lines, SCS method, and Water Budget Method. Calculation and analysis using the hydrological data to understand the relationship between rainfall, land use and the resulting streamflow is done. Methods to measure and calculate flow in the river, and mitigating measures such as SMART tunnel will be covered. Exposure to MSMA, ARI, OSD, Rating Curve, HP#16(drainage design for urban areas), IWRM (Integrated Water Resources Management) and basic drainage design will be done. Derivation and Usage of Unit Hydrograph and Synthetic Unit Hydrograph is also taught.
	KKCE3123: Water Supply and Sewerage Networks	SDG6	The main objective of this course is to introduce students to the fundamental theory and basic design of water and wastewater engineering. This course comprises two major branches of civil engineering; water supply and wastewater engineering. Topics on water supply included in the syllabus are water demand calculation, water resources determination, water intake, water distribution system, pipe reticulation, pipe appurtenances and pumping system. For wastewater engineering, the main elements that will be discussed are wastewater generation, wastewater collection system and conveyance and wastewater treatment. This course is designed to equip students on the water supply reticulation and sewerage system, particularly for their integrated design project. Besides traditional lectures, students will be given a small-scale project to design both reticulation and sewerage pipelines on a specific development area
	KKCE4343: Smart Building	SDG11	The course aims to expose students to smart buildings to enhance comfort and benefits to humans. The construction of the smart building helps to improve information technology and greatly benefits its use and environment. Students will be clearly explained about the concepts and benefits of smart buildings and they can use existing technology and enhance their capabilities. The course is therefore intended to provide insight and to explain the benefits gained from building smart buildings. This course also describes systems in smart buildings and others. Comparison of efficiency and efficiency with ordinary buildings will be conducted in this course to prove the benefits of smart buildings.
	KKCE4513: Environmental Geotechnics	SDG15	The aim of this course is to provide knowledge and understanding on the many aspects of soil mechanics related to waste management. Various aspects of soil pollution and soil remediation/cleanup will be covered in this course. The main topics of this course include soil pollution and its implication, sources of pollution, domestic waste properties, laws and regulations related to pollution in Malaysia, waste and containment geotechnics, clay mineralogy, contaminant transport in soil: advective and dispersive flow equations and its solution, soil liner, soil remediation: physical, chemical, electrical and biological techniques.
	KKCE4523: Soil Improvement	SDG15	The goal of this course is to provide knowledge and understanding of techniques of soil improvement in geotechnical engineering. Among the topics to be discussed is the reasons and the need for improvement of land; mechanical techniques such as compaction (including compaction theory, the concept of compaction, laboratory testing and in situ, compaction equipment, etc..), dynamic compaction, vibratory compaction, vibroflotation replacement, and compaction by explosion; hydraulic techniques such as pumping, precompression with sand/vertical vertical, vacuum consolidation, and electroosmosis; physical-chemical techniques such as chemical stabilization and heat treatment; and inclusion techniques inputs such as soil reinforcement and geosynthetics
	KKCE4613: Solid Waste Management	SDG12	This course provides knowledge and skills in solid and hazardous waste management, treatment, disposal and recycling options for solid wastes towards achieving resource conservation and contributing to a low carbon economy. The key engineering and technical aspects involved are the principles of integrated solid waste management, waste sources, amount of generation, characteristics, collection, transport and transfer, waste reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and disposal. The course also provides an understanding on governance, legislation, technical and societal issues related to municipal solid waste and hazardous waste management. Applications of decision support tools including multi-criteria analysis, carbon foot-printing and life-cycle analysis are introduced
	KKCE4623: River Engineering	SDG6	The river engineering course will emphasize on awareness and understanding the physical hydrology, synthesis and hydrograph analysis, flood hydrology, reservoir and river flood routing, hydrologic design, frequency analysis, surface flow design, reservoir design, floodplain analysis, procedure application of hydrology in Malaysia for surface flow and flood design
	KKCE4633: Groundwater Engineering	SDG6	Water is certainly the most vital physical resource as it is the one that is important to human survival. Understanding the global water cycle and how we use water is essential to planning a sustainable source of water for the future. Groundwater is one of the options to support areas that do not have enough water. This course is designed to provide significant details on groundwater flow. It covers the role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle, the relation of groundwater flow to geologic structure, fundamentals of subsurface flow and groundwater flow to well.
	KKCE4643: Wastewater Treatment	SDG6	The objective of the course is to introduce students to the various methods and processes used in wastewater treatment before discharge into natural water bodies. The topics also include the environmental legislations or laws related to wastewater discharge, as well as the involvement of government agencies that monitor and enforce environmental laws or any constituents involved in treating wastewater. At the end of the course, students would be able to choose the appropriate and sustainability treatment process required to treat wastewater and sludge for a community. Subsequently, they would carry out detailed design for a municipal wastewater treatment system consisting of the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment depending on the treatability requirement. Sludge management including sludge reuse is also covered.
	KKCE4653: Water Treatment	SDG6	The main objective of this course is to provide knowledge to students on the engineering approaches to protecting water quality with an emphasis on fundamental principles and theory. Theory and conceptual design of systems for treating water are discussed, as well as reactor theory, process kinetics and treatment process. The topics discussed include basic water quality requirements; water characteristics; water treatment process and design of the unit of water treatment systems. At the end of this course, the student should be Ability to apply the knowledge to design water treatment systems.
	KKCE4713: Sustainability Urban Planning	SDG11	This course objective is to give understanding to the basic sustainability urban planning in Local Agenda 21 framework. It consists of basic concept of urban design of Western and Eastern cities especially in the process of urbanisation, redevelopment, pragmatic urban development, processes in urban design especially, integration of various discipline and application of analytical method intuitive modelling; Participation and relationship of various stakeholders in the design process; consultation and sharing in local plan preparation; joint venture and privatisation in the development process; Aesthetic and environmental impact assessment; transport and drainage infrastructures. Students are also required to be able to propose and present a sustainability development plan of a traditional mid-size town.
	KKCE4733: Urban Transport Planning	SDG11	The objective of this course is to give knowledge, understanding and synthesis in urban transport problems, management and planning. This course includes urban transport planning processes, transit system (MRT, LRT, Commuter train), bus services, land use and transport demand, socioeconomic pattern, transport modeling, forecasting transport demand, formulation of transport policies, urban traffic control, sustainability urban transport, traffic impact analysis, environmental impact analysis, financial analysis, road safety, traffic calming and intelligent transport system.
Bachelor of Chemical Engineering	KKPK3563: Pollution Control and Cleaner Production	SDG12	This course aims to impart knowledge, understanding and practical experience in pollution control and cleaner production so that students could gain skill to operate and manage a plant with zero discharge. Students would be introduced to the concept of cleaner production so that they could make the right decision to save resources and to make sure that the process used or designed is zero discharge. Students would be exposed to the regulation of discharge limits in Malaysia and internationally. This course would be emphasized on liquid, solid and gas treatment. Topic on physicochemical and biological treatment, gas treatment, and solid and hazardous waste management would be explained to students.
	KKPK4722: Process Sustainability	SDG13	This course introduces the concepts of sustainability and sustainable process development. The social, environmental and economic impact of process development strategies will be identified and the mitigation of negative impacts discussed. It also examines some important current issues and areas of debate in relation to sustainable development.
	KKPK5853: Air Pollution Chemistry and Control	SDG13	The objective of this course is to enable students to understand air quality, air surveillance, fundamental physical processes involved in air pollution control and to apply them to the design of air pollution control equipment. Topics in atmospheric environment, chemical process structure, pollutant transformation, the photolysis process and free radical reactions will be covered. This course also provides knowledge in atmospheric chemistry, inorganic air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO) and organic air pollutants (including volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and combustible hydrocarbon fuels). Basic principles of diffusion, mass transfer, equilibrium stages, adsorption and chemical reaction are reviewed, and the design of gaseous pollutants control will be discussed. Basic principles of particle technology, aerodynamic capture, grade and overall particle collection efficiency, particle charging by field and diffusion charging and electrostatic precipitation collection efficiency are reviewed, and the design of particulate air pollutants control will also covered
	KKPK5863: Advanced Wastewater Treatment Process	SDG6	The objective of this course is to provide students with an overview of the theory and practice of wastewater treatment. Introduction to types of wastewater, waste minimisation and concept of zero waste discharge will be introduced first. It includes the act or environmental legislation related to wastewater discharge, as well as government agencies that monitor and enforce the regulation or the stakeholders that are in charge of wastewater treatment. The students will also be exposed to the detailed design of an industrial wastewater treatment system consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary stages. The concept of material balance, the hydraulic flow regime, and kinetics will be discussed in order to understand students in processing and designing units. Physicochemical process used wastewater treatment will also be discussed then followed by a discussion of methods for biological wastewater treatment. Design principles that related to waste management and disposal/reuse of effluent and sludge will also be discussed. Assessment on the sustainability of a waste management system from the view of environmental, social and economic criteria will be conducted.
	KKPK5933: Municipal Solid Waste Management	SDG12	The aim of this course is to develop an understanding and further exposure involved in the planning, design, and analysis of the key elements of municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The various aspects covered are the principles of integrated solid waste management, environmental impacts from waste disposal, waste characteristics, waste generation rate, on-site storage, collection and transportation methods, separation, recovery, recycling, processing and various waste treatment methods such as composting, anaerobic digestion and incineration. Environmentally friendly waste disposal principles of sanitary landfill are introduced, covering site selection, stabilisation principle and model, hydrogeology, leachate management, engineering design, biogas management, operation, closure, post closure and environmental monitoring. The course also provides an overview on issues of society, governance and legislation related to solid waste management.
Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering	KKMM4893: Sustainable Manufacturing Process	SDG9 SDG12	This course aims to introduce the concepts and applications of advanced manufacturing and sustainable processes based on the latest technologies. Topics include: powder processing/metallurgy processing, advanced polymer & composite processing, machining technology, coating technology and micro/ nano manufacturing technology. Solving engineering problems and determining Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina 449 processing techniques that can be used for component production through advanced manufacturing processes based on various aspects (geometry, materials, economics and functions). Students will be exposed and infused with issues of sustainable manufacturing processes in accordance with current trends including environmental issues involving sustainable manufacturing processes. Discussions based on case studies related to recent research developments will also be held
	KKMM4293: Renewable Energy and Energy Management	SDG7	This course covers introduction to environmental pollution, energy crisis and social issues about energy as well as factors that cause them and their solutions. Topics on various applications of energy systems such as solar, wind, hydro, biogas, biomass and other renewable energy systems will be subsequently discussed. The second part of this course is to provide understanding and knowledge about the use and management of energy efficiency, manager’s role and function, category and level of energy-audits, saving in energy consumption in buildings and in industrial systems such as boilers and air-conditioners. Students will also be exposed to the introduction to economic analysis and financial management of renewable energy and energy saving projects.
	KKMM4193: Energy Efficient Vehicle		The objective of this course is to provide an understanding and comparison of energy-efficient vehicles related to operation, combustion, performance and emission for internal combustion engines, hybrids and electric vehicles. This course examines how the design and operation of internal combustion engines, hybrids and electric vehicles help with performance, fuel and environmental impacts. Comparison of fuel efficiency is also discussed for different vehicle power systems. Students are required to do projects related to the driving cycle to compare vehicle performance, carbon emissions and impact on the environment.
Bachelor of Architecture	KKAB1422: Environmental Science I	SDG7 SDG13	Environmental Science I emphasizes the importance of awareness towards environmental science aspects in the context of the built environment. Students are exposed to basic knowledge of environmental science, as well as the negative impacts if the aspects of environmental science are not considered in building design. The contents of Environmental Science I include global and regional climates, climate change and global warming issues, urban heat island, ecological system and environmental pollution, the smart building concept and energy saving as well as the renewable energy
Bachelor of Architecture	KKAB2322: Environmental Science II	SDG11 SDG13	Environmental Science II focuses on the basic knowledge of environmental science aspects in the building design. Students are exposed to basic knowledge of techniques and strategies in creating building designs that apply environmental science aspects. Among the contents of the Environmental Science II are thermal comfort, building natural ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, acoustic design and sustainable building concepts.

b) Postgraduate Programs
www.ukm.my/jurutera/en/prospective-postgraduate/

Table EE3.11: List of postgraduate programs related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Program	Courses / field of study	SDG	Course Synopsis
Research Program
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Link Master of Science (MSc) Link	Mechanical Engineering	SDG7 SDG9	A research-intensive program that focuses on developing advanced engineering solutions to address environmental challenges. This program integrates mechanical engineering principles with sustainability, energy efficiency, and environmental protection to create innovative technologies and processes for a cleaner and more sustainable future.
	Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering	SDG7 SDG9 SDG12	A research-intensive program that focuses on developing advanced sustainable processes for environmental protection, resource efficiency, and pollution control. This program integrates chemical engineering principles with biotechnology to address global environmental challenges, such as waste treatment, renewable energy production, and sustainable manufacturing.
	Civil Engineering	SDG9 SDG12 SDG13	A research-intensive program that focuses on developing innovative solutions for environmental challenges related to civil infrastructure and sustainable development. This program integrates civil engineering principles with environmental science, aiming to improve water and air quality, waste management, climate resilience, and sustainable urban planning.
Coursework Programme
Master of Engineering in Environmental Engineering Link	KKKS6353: Advanced Waste water Treatment Process	SDG6	The objective of this course is to provide students with an overview of the theory and practice of wastewater treatment. Introduction to types of wastewater, waste minimisation and concept of zero waste discharge will be introduced first. It includes the act or environmental legislation related to wastewater discharge, as well as government agencies that monitor and enforce the regulation or the stakeholders that are in charge of wastewater treatment. The students will also be exposed to the detailed design of an industrial wastewater treatment system consisting of primary secondary and tertiary/advanced stages. The concept of material balance, hydraulic flow, and kinetics will be discussed in order to give understanding in processing and designing units. Physicochemical processes used for wastewater treatment will also be discussed and then followed by a discussion on biological wastewater treatment. Design principles related to waste management and disposal/reuse of effluent and sludge will also be deliberated. Assessment on the sustainability of a waste management system from the view of environmental, social and economic criteria will be taken into account.
	KKKS6233: Environmental Risk Analysis	SDG13	This course introduces the concepts and methods of risk analysis, the release of hazardous substances into the environment, and their impact on water treatment plants. Topics discussed include hazard identification techniques such as BLEVE and others, identifying hazardous substances that have environmental impacts, fire risk, explosion, and the dispersion of toxic gases. The course also provides training on the use of the ALOHA software to model and assess the potential effects of unintentional releases of hazardous chemicals. Finally, risk characterization methods and risk acceptance criteria will be discussed.
	KKKS6263: Low Carbon Technologies	SDG7 SDG9	The objective of this course is to complement the knowledge relating to renewable and alternative energy technologies including introduction to renewable energy, the types of renewable energy, energy management, energy efficiency, energy policies and systems. Types of renewable energy include solar energy, biofuels, fuel cell, wind power and hydro energy as well as CO2 as an important resource of carbon or energy. Some approaches in designing and application of these technologies for low or zero CO2 emissions will be discussed in detail in this course. An increased adoption of low carbon technologies and applications shall reduce carbon dependency and GHG emissions. Beside, challenges, policies and initiatives towards low carbon emissions achieved will be discussed.
	KKKS6363: Symbiotic Eco-Community	SDG11	The objective of this course is to consolidate students’ knowledge on the concept of sustainability and the strategy for the development of symbiotic eco-community. The topics that are covered in this course include symbiosis and eco-community concept, sustainability and symbiosis, symbiotic eco-community, human development index, symbiotic eco-community implementation strategy. Practical exercise of the above topics will be conducted via a case study.
	KKKS6033: Environmental Management: Ecology, Audit and Impact Assessment	SDG13	The course is aimed to enhance knowledge on the fundamentals of environmental science and environmental engineering. Aspects of current environmental engineering management shall be discussed. Fundamentals and principles of ecology, terms, parameters and important components in ecology, its relation with environment and human as well as the impacts to nature will be focused. Basic principles and general methods of implementing environmental audits and factors to be considered in conducting such audits will also be discussed. Malaysian legislations related to the environment and important factors in environmental impacts that need to be concerned and the methodology of implementations with respect to the environment will be emphasized. Environmental management system requirements are also discussed and applied for different case studies.
	KKKS6243: Air Pollution Chemistry and Control	SDG13	The objective of this course is to enable students to understand air quality, air surveillance, fundamental physical processes involved in air pollution control and to apply them to the design of air pollution control equipment. Topics in the atmospheric environment, chemical process structure, pollutant transformation, photolysis process and free radical reactions will be covered. This course also provides knowledge in atmospheric chemistry, inorganic air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO2, CO) and organic air pollutants (including volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and combustible hydrocarbon fuels). Basic principles of diffusion, mass transfer, equilibrium stages, adsorption and chemical reaction are reviewed, and the design of gaseous pollutants control will be discussed. Basic principles of particle technology, aerodynamic capture, grade and overall particle collection efficiency, particle charging by field and diffusion charging and electrostatic precipitation collection efficiency are reviewed and the design of particulate air pollutants control will also be covered.
	KKKS6433: Industrial Waste Management	SDG12	The overall aim of this course is to provide awareness on the importance of environmental management and an understanding of how environmental engineering is involved in providing the means of avoidance, remediation or mitigation of adverse effects on the environment. The cause and adverse impact of environmental pollution with relevant emission and environmental legislations to protect and conserve the environment will be introduced. Students will be exposed with the concepts of green supply chain, eco-labelling, life-cycle assessment and carbon credit in the manufacturing of industrial products. Following this, they will be trained to identify the main operation units in an industry and the source for pollution from each operation unit through a waste audit exercise throughout the manufacturing plant and processes, and also analyse the water usage in the industry. Through a waste audit exercise that requires the implementation of material balance on the whole process plant, the source of waste can be identified and quantified. Hierarchy of waste management consisting of source reduction or waste minimisation, recycling process, waste treatment and finally followed by waste disposal will be described. The concept of waste minimization and resource recovery will be exposed to students including clean technologies to treat solid waste, wastewater and gaseous waste that cover the physical, chemical and biological treatment, scheduled waste management and pinch technology for water usage to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs).
	KKKS6143: Municipal Solid Waste Management	SDG12	This course aims to to develop an understanding and further exposure involved in the planning, design, and analysis of the key elements of municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The various aspects covered are the principles of integrated solid waste management, environmental impacts from waste disposal, waste characteristics, waste generation rate, on-site storage, collection and transportation methods, separation, recovery, recycling, processing and various waste treatment methods such as composting, anaerobic digestion and incineration. Environmentally friendly waste disposal principles of sanitary landfill are introduced, covering site selection, stabilisation principle and model, hydrogeology, leachate management, engineering design, biogas management, operation, closure, post closure and environmental monitoring. The course also provides an overview on issues of society, governance and legislation related to solid waste management.
	KKK6473: Energy Recovery from Waste and Biomass Fuels	SDG7	This course provides a theoretical understanding and practical (hands-on) training on urban water system modeling. Students are given 3 main projects that need to be completed in about 4 weeks and presented for assessment. These projects include the main components of urban water management, namely hydrology and water balance analysis modeling, stormwater modeling and effective management methods and modeling of treated water distribution systems. This course will also focus on the use of actual hydrological data, Urban Stormwater Management Manual (MSMA) published by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia and open source hydraulic and hydrology softwares such as HEC RAS, SWMM and EPANET. Students are required to suggest structural and non-structural approaches to managing urban water systems and assess the environmental impact of each option. In addition, students are encouraged to consider the elements of sustainability in their design.
	KKKK6383: Conversion of Biomass and Biorefinery		This course provides students with the basic knowledge on biomas utilization and conversion focusing on lignocellulosic biomass and algae using the biochemical conversion technology and the sustainable biorefinery approach. In the early stage, the course discusses on classification of biomass resources, biomass availability and potential, component and composition of the biomass as well as the compositional characterization method. Later, the course focuses on the utilization and conversion of the biomass to biofuel, biochemical and biomaterial for optimum biomass utilizations. Hence, the biomass pretreatment technology and biochemical conversion technology for lignocellulosic biomass and algae are introduced and the biorefinery concept is also discussed to realize the sustainable utilization and conversion of biomass to a variety of products. Lastly, several policies and strategies relating to biomass utilization are also discussed.

8. School of Liberal Studies (CITRA UKM)
www.ukm.my/citra/eng/bachelor-2

The objective of the School of Liberal Studies (Citra UKM) establishment is befitting the National Higher Education Strategic Plan and the National Education Philosophy. Therefore, in line with the vision, mission and objective of UKM liberal education, Citra UKM aspires to produce holistic graduates with UKM identity through shaping the mind and building the character approach. Citra UKM is able to fulfil the market demand by developing creative, innovative human capital that masters both knowledge and soft skills in facing challenges and compete in the real world

Programs available:

Undergraduate Program
Postgraduate Program

a) Undergraduate Programs
www.ukm.my/citra/eng/bachelor-2

Table EE3.10: List of courses related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at School of Liberal Studies (Citra UKM)

Courses	Courses/ field of study	SDG	Course Synopsis
Bachelor Science in Liberal Studies	LMCP1522: Environmental Ecosystem Exploration	SDG12 SDG14 SDG15	The course introduced the lifelong learning concept in environmental education through the framework of environmental ecosystems discovery (EDJ) and the Eco- volunteer platform. The students will go through the process of knowledge transfer through collaborative learning from lecturers from various faculties and institutes as well as industrial partnerships as guest lecturers. Exposure to current and emerging issues such as Sustainable Development Goals, Integrated Water Resources Management, Renewable Energy, The IR 4.0 Revolution, Green Technology, and Virtual Reality in various aspects of holistic environmental conservation and preservation will provide the student a new experience.
	LMCP1532: Sustainable Urban Development	SDG11	The aim of this course is to expose students to the problems of sustainability in the municipal system. Included in this course are land use planning, socio-economic, transportation, urban services, urban design, problems faced by Malaysian cities and development strategies
	LMCP1592: Development and Environment	SDG9 SDG11 SDG12	This course aims at exploring the aspect of economic sustainability in the framework of sustainable development. It focuses on the linkages between economic development, environment and natural resources, analyses unsustainability and environmental degradation as results of development activities, and also considers environmental factors and economic sustainability in economic development and planning. This course revolves around the concepts, theory and approaches of development and sustainability
	LMCR1512: Basic Disaster Management	SDG13	A disaster is an event that threatens and disrupts the lives of communities, caused by natural or non-natural factors, leading to environmental destruction, property loss, death, injuries, and psychosocial effects. Every individual must be prepared to face any contingent events. Basic knowledge of disasters and their management is essential for every student. This course provides exposure to disasters, as well as methods and steps for disaster management.
	LMCR2332: Global Ecology and Sustainable	SDG11 SDG13	This course exposes students to the issues and status of the present global environment, particularly, environmental pollution, global climate change, greenhouse effects, and the crisis of biodiversity. Students are exposed to human activities and their impacts on the environment in the context of agreements signed at the international level. Therefore, it is hoped that students are able to understand the sustainable development concept and its role in the environmental wellbeing. Teaching and learning will be implemented in the form of a forum and problem-based learning.
	LMST1402: Application of Biotechnology Aquaculture	SDG9 SDG14	Aquaculture has now enjoyed the spotlight around the world due to constant and growing demand for sustainable supply of aquatic products, which has created opportunities for a new generation of entrepreneurs to venture in. This course introduces the application of biotechnology and the importance of farm management in sustainable aquaculture industries. This course covers topics important for building successful aquaculture business, which includes the fish husbandry, welfare, farm models, genetic resources, environmental risk, food safety, government regulation of transgenic/hybrid aquatic organisms, and commercial applications of fish biotechnology. Students will also be given the opportunity to connect and interact with individuals/industries who are involved in fish farming.
	LMST1522: Ornamental Plants and Air Quality	SDG9 SDG13	This course aims at introducing students to the concept, theory and practices of air cleaning using ornamental plants. Amongst basic aspects introduced to students are classification of ornamental plants, pest control, improvement of ornamental plants and air cleaning using various ornamental plants. Students are also exposed to exploitation of existing as well as new ornamental plants in inculcating entrepreneurship mindset. Students are required to use self-creativity to come up with a plan to develop products or services based on ornamental plants. At the end of this course students are required to apply knowledge of digital technology literacy as an approach of marketing
	LMUU1502: Water, Climate Change and The Laws	SDG6 SDG13	Lately Malaysian rivers have been severely polluted to the extent that it disrupted the supply of water in major cities. In fact, problems pertaining to river management and pollution are based on specific laws but are not understood or publicly known. This course introduces students to issues pertaining to river management and pollution in Malaysia and explains the water related laws. Teaching and learning will be implemented through Problem-Based Learning and Experience Based Learning.
	LMRA1502: Fuel Cell Technology	SDG7 SDG9	This course provides a fundamental understanding of Fuel Cell technology and its application in various sectors that are related to transportation and power generation. This course covers the topics on the basic concept and theory of Fuel Cell, types of Fuel Cell, method to characterize and performance analysis of Fuel Cell as well as Fuel Cell engineering system process. The latest issues and development of Fuel Cell technologies, the application and the role of Fuel Cell technologies in the field of alternative energy will also be discussed. This course will also evaluate the social, economy and environmental impacts of developing Fuel Cell technologies.
	LMRS1512: Introduction to Renewable and Alternative Energy Technology	SDG7	The issue of energy and climate change has essential bearings on the sustainable development of any country. Renewable and alternative energy technologies play an indispensable role in achieving sustainability. The use of renewable and alternative energy creates millions of jobs while reducing the foreign exchange burden of imported fuel. Renewable and alternative energy have been identified as promising energy sources to replace the dependency on fossil fuel resources. The global need for energy savings requires the usage of renewable and alternative energy sources in many applications. This course is a significant first step for a career-focused student to understand the world of renewable and alternative energy possibilities. It explores and complements the knowledge relating to the principle of renewable and alternative energy sources available today. Students will be exposed to renewable and alternative energy, including solar, wind power, hydro, and nuclear energy. Each technology will be examined and explained to the student regarding the relevant physical principles and the type of technologies involved during the design stages.
	LMJS1502: Geopark Global – Regional Sustainable Development Model	SDG11	The concept of Global Geopark development was introduced by UNESCO in 2004 as a model for sustainable regional development. Generally, a geopark is a territory consisting of geological and landscape with outstanding universal value, to be managed in a holistic manner taking into consideration the importance of conservation, education and sustainable development. Currently, there are 120 geoparks in 33 countries having UNESCO Global Geopark recognition. Langkawi became a member of UNESCO Global Geopark in 2007, being the first in Malaysia and southeast Asia region. The objectives of this course are to introduce students to main components of geopark development, integrated nature and culture conservation, community development, education and geotourism in geopark . Students will also be exposed to current issues on integrated heritage conservation in geopark development. Teaching and Learning will be conducted based on Problem Based Learning and Experiential Learning.
Postgraduate: Master of Science Link	Environmental Engineering	SDG6 SDG7 SDG9 SDG11 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	The Master of Science in Liberal Studies (Environmental Engineering) is an interdisciplinary program designed for individuals seeking to integrate environmental engineering principles with a broader understanding of societal, policy, and technological challenges. This program blends scientific, technical, and humanistic perspectives, providing a comprehensive approach to addressing environmental sustainability, resource management, pollution control, and climate change adaptation. Students will explore topics such as water and wastewater treatment, air quality management, environmental impact assessment, renewable energy technologies, and green infrastructure development. The curriculum encourages critical thinking, ethical decision-making, and innovative problem-solving to tackle global environmental challenges. Graduates of this program will be well-equipped for careers in environmental consulting, regulatory agencies, sustainable development, corporate sustainability, and research institutions, where they can contribute to shaping a more sustainable and resilient future.

b) Postgraduate Programs
www.ukm.my/citra/eng/master-2/

Table EE3.11: List of master program related to climate science and/or environmental sustainability at the School of Liberal Studies (Citra UKM)

Courses	Field of study	SDG	Course Synopsis
MSc Liberal Studies Link	Liberal and multidisciplinary studies	SDG6 SDG7 SDG9 SDG11 SDG12 SDG13 SDG14 SDG15	The program offers new opportunities for candidates to undergo an educational structure in the field of liberal studies that are inter and intra disciplinary in fulfilling the needs of external markets and industries.

QS World University Rankings: Sustainability 2026

EE3: Courses on Climate Science and/or Environmental Sustainability

1. Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
Link: www.ukm.my/seri/postgraduate-studies/programs

2. Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)
Link: www.ukm.my/selfuel/program

3. Institute of Climate Change (IPI)
Link: www.ukm.my/ipi/postgraduates-program

4. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)
Link: www.ukm.my/lestari/en/postgraduate

5. Faculty of Science and Technology (FST)
Link: www.ukm.my/fst

6. Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities (FSSK)
Link: www.ukm.my/fssk/v2

7. Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB)
Link: www.ukm.my/jurutera/ms/utama

8. School of Liberal Studies (CITRA UKM)
www.ukm.my/citra/eng/bachelor-2

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Office Hour

QS World University Rankings: Sustainability 2026

EE3: Courses on Climate Science and/or Environmental Sustainability

1. Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)Link: www.ukm.my/seri/postgraduate-studies/programs

2. Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)Link: www.ukm.my/selfuel/program

3. Institute of Climate Change (IPI)Link: www.ukm.my/ipi/postgraduates-program

4. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)Link: www.ukm.my/lestari/en/postgraduate

5. Faculty of Science and Technology (FST)Link: www.ukm.my/fst

6. Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities (FSSK)Link: www.ukm.my/fssk/v2

7. Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB)Link: www.ukm.my/jurutera/ms/utama

8. School of Liberal Studies (CITRA UKM)www.ukm.my/citra/eng/bachelor-2

Social Media

Office Hour

1. Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
Link: www.ukm.my/seri/postgraduate-studies/programs

2. Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)
Link: www.ukm.my/selfuel/program

3. Institute of Climate Change (IPI)
Link: www.ukm.my/ipi/postgraduates-program

4. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)
Link: www.ukm.my/lestari/en/postgraduate

5. Faculty of Science and Technology (FST)
Link: www.ukm.my/fst

6. Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities (FSSK)
Link: www.ukm.my/fssk/v2

7. Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB)
Link: www.ukm.my/jurutera/ms/utama

8. School of Liberal Studies (CITRA UKM)
www.ukm.my/citra/eng/bachelor-2