Last updated on: 18 May 2025
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) is committed to transforming its campus into a model of energy efficiency by upgrading buildings with advanced, sustainable technologies. Through the integration of energy-efficient HVAC systems, smart lighting, renewable energy installations, and enhanced insulation, UKM is significantly reducing energy consumption, cutting costs, and lowering its carbon footprint. This initiative not only aligns with global sustainability standards but also reinforces UKM’s role as a leader in creating eco-friendly, future-ready educational environments.
1. Energy Efficient
UKM is dedicated to advancing energy efficiency across its campus, implementing sustainable upgrades that reduce energy consumption while enhancing environmental impact. By adopting energy-efficient technologies such as LED lighting, high-performance HVAC systems, and renewable energy sources. UKM is actively lowering its carbon footprint and operational costs. These initiatives embody UKM commitment to sustainable growth, creating a healthier, greener campus for future generations. Table below shows the energy efficient appliances usage at UKM.
| No. | Energy Efficient Appliances Usage | Percentage Of Energy-Efficient Appliances to the Total Appliances (%) | |||
| 1 | Use of High Efficiency LEDs in the Campus Street UKM has upgraded campus buildings and street lighting by replacing conventional lighting with high-efficiency LEDs, significantly reducing energy consumption while enhancing visibility and safety. This shift to energy-efficient lighting reflects UKM commitment to creating a sustainable, eco-friendly campus environment.  | 62.8% | |||
| 2 | Use of High Efficiency LEDs in the Campus Building UKM has upgraded campus buildings by installing high-efficiency LEDs, significantly reducing energy consumption while enhancing visibility and safety. This transition to energy-efficient lighting reflects UKM commitment to building a sustainable, eco-friendly campus environment.  | 75.3% | |||
| 3 | Use of Eco-friendly Air Conditioner / Energy-efficient Appliances are A/C with Inverter Technology UKM has upgraded campus buildings with inverter technology air conditioners that optimize energy use by adjusting power based on cooling needs. This enhancement ensures efficient operation, minimizes energy waste, and underscores UKM commitment to higher energy efficiency across campus facilities  | 47.43% | |||
| 4 | Use of Energy-saving Computer / Star-certified Computers UKM prioritizes ENERGY STAR-certified computers and promotes the use of energy-efficient notebooks over traditional desktops, aligning with the university’s commitment to upgrading buildings for higher energy efficiency and reducing overall power consumption.  | 82.72% | |||
| 5 | 5-Star Energy Consumption Fans at Residential To enhance energy efficiency, UKM has upgraded all fans, especially in student residences, by replacing AC motors with energy-efficient DC motor fans with a 5-star energy rating. These fans consume only 5-8 kWh, significantly contributing to reduced energy consumption and supporting UKM commitment to building a more sustainable campus.  | 100% | |||
| Energy-Efficient Appliances in UKM | |||||
| 6 | Energy Meter Reader UKM has installed energy meter readers in each building to monitor energy efficiency and detect electrical leakage, enabling precise energy management and reinforcing the university’s commitment to upgrading buildings for higher energy efficiency.  | ||||
| 7 | Air Quality Sensor in UKM UKM has implemented an advanced air quality monitoring system across its facility buildings, utilizing IoT-enabled sensors including power meters, temperature, and humidity sensors to track environmental conditions in real time. This system supports UKM commitment to higher energy efficiency by optimizing indoor climate control and ensuring sustainable building management. The image shows an air quality display panel mounted on the wall, which provides live data on various environmental parameters, including: 1. Temperature (T): 24°C 2. Relative Humidity (RH): 56% 3. Particulate Matter (PM2.5): 6 µg/m³ 4. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): 465 ppm  Air Quality Display Pane  Digital Temperature Display  Temperature | ||||
| 8 | Energy Efficiency Brand photocopy UKM has equipped its administration offices with RICOH photocopiers, a brand known for sustainable product design and certified under MyHIJAU. This choice reflects UKM commitment to enhancing building efficiency and sustainability by integrating eco-friendly technologies across its campus facilities.  The MyHIJAU Mark is Malaysia’s official green certification, endorsed by the Government of Malaysia, that consolidates certified green products and services meeting both local and international environmental standards under a single, recognised mark.  | ||||
| 9 | District Cooling System UKM has implemented a District Cooling System (DCS), where chilled water is produced centrally and distributed through insulated pipes to buildings within Loop 1 and Loop 2. This DCS provides efficient cooling for multiple buildings, resulting in substantial savings on electricity costs and space, and exemplifying UKM commitment to upgrading its facilities for higher energy efficiency.  | ||||
2. Renewable Energy Integration
UKM has integrated renewable energy by installing solar panels on rooftops, generating clean energy and reducing reliance on external power sources. This initiative is a key part of UKM commitment to upgrading buildings for higher energy efficiency and sustainability.
UKM has made significant advancements in renewable energy on campus, supporting its commitment to sustainable energy and higher building efficiency. The university now operates three renewable energy sources such as solar power, biodiesel and clean biomass providing reliable, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional energy.
Implementation of Renewable Energy Sources in UKM
Solar Power
The UKM Solar Power project was launched to reduce the university’s electricity costs by installing solar panels across 48 building rooftops, with additional installations underway. This project generates approximately 1,489,480 kWh of electricity annually, significantly boosting energy efficiency across campus. A 15-year collaboration, the project was officiated by the Malaysian Minister of Higher Education in 2023, exemplifying UKM’s dedication to sustainable energy solutions and higher building efficiency.
Biodiesel
Demonstrating its commitment to sustainable energy and higher building efficiency, UKM has integrated biodiesel production into its renewable energy strategy. Additionally, SELFUEL UKM is pioneering hydrogen energy production on campus, providing a clean alternative fuel source. The hydrogen energy production process, as developed by SELFUEL UKM, highlights UKM’s advancements in renewable and sustainable energy technologies, further supporting a greener, more efficient campus.
Clean Biomass
UKM has introduced an innovative clean biomass production system at the Chini Lake Research Center (PPTC), one of its living labs, to promote green technology and environmental conservation. The Clean Biomass Technology Cockpit generates 0.75 kg of methane (CH₄) per kilogram of palm oil mill effluent (POME) processed, yielding an energy output of 10 kWh. This energy capacity is sufficient to power an LED lamp for 1,050 hours, or 43 days of continuous use demonstrating UKM commitment to renewable energy, pollution reduction, and enhancing energy efficiency across its facilities.
Wind Energy
UKM is enhancing renewable energy research and building efficiency through its new Wind Energy Technology Facility, dedicated to the study of wind turbine aerodynamics and structural dynamics. Established under the leadership of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fazlizan Abdullah within the Solar Energy Research Institute, this facility combines numerical and experimental research to advance wind energy technology. The facility’s low-speed wind tunnel, equipped with a bell-shaped inlet contraction, honeycomb straightener, and pressure sensor, supports in-depth aerodynamic analysis. Capable of achieving wind speeds from 0-15 m/s and generating 1,000 kWh per hour, this tunnel is essential for studying wind turbine aerodynamics, atmospheric boundary layers, and other wind-related phenomena, furthering UKM commitment to renewable energy and energy-efficient building solutions.
The environmental climatic chamber at UKM is an advanced system designed to precisely control environmental conditions within an enclosed space, facilitating controlled testing across diverse temperature gradients. Featuring two distinct zones, a hot side and a cold side separated by an adjustable wall opening, the chamber enables versatile testing under various climate conditions. This setup is ideal for studying the effects of climate variations on materials, products, and other subjects, enhancing research accuracy and supporting UKM commitment to energy-efficient and sustainable building solutions.
3. Smart Building Implementation and HVAC Upgrades
UKM is advancing building efficiency through smart building implementation, integrating intelligent systems that monitor and optimise energy usage in real-time. By deploying automated controls for lighting, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), and other essential systems, UKM reduces energy consumption and enhances comfort across campus facilities. Smart building technology also enables predictive maintenance and energy-saving adjustments based on occupancy patterns, demonstrating UKM commitment to creating a sustainable, energy-efficient campus.
UKM Bangi has made significant strides in enhancing energy efficiency by implementing smart building technologies across campus. Buildings qualify as “smart” when they incorporate at least five essential features: automation, safety (including physical security, sensors, and CCTV), energy efficiency, water management (sanitation), and optimized lighting (low-power illumination). These features support sustainable energy use and improve the operational efficiency of UKM’s infrastructure. As shown in the table below, a substantial portion of UKM Bangi’s campus buildings are equipped with these smart technologies, achieving a 97.76% smart building implementation rate based on the total smart building area relative to UKM overall building area. This impressive percentage underscores UKM commitment to sustainable campus operations, aligning with global best practices in energy efficiency and resource management.
Smart Buildings at UKM
| No. | Name | Place | automation | safety | energy | water | Indoor environment | lighting | Building Area (m²) | ||||||||||||
| B1 | B2 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | E1 | E2 | A1 | A2 | I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | ||||
| 1 | UKM Building Akademi Siber Teknopolis (AST) | Bangi Selangor, Malaysia | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | 9,045 | |||||||||||
| 2 | UKMBuilding Graduate School Of Business (GSB) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | 7,179 | ||||||||||||
| 3 | UKM, Kompleks Penyelidikan | x | x | x | x | x | 21,170 | ||||||||||||||
| 4 | UKM, Makmal Penyelidikan Bahasa, Media dan STEM | x | x | x | x | x | x | 5,018 | |||||||||||||
| 5 | UKM, Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina | x | x | x | x | x | x | 14,777 | |||||||||||||
| 6 | UKM, Jabatan Pembangunan Prasarana | x | x | x | x | x | 2,312 | ||||||||||||||
| 7 | UKM, Pusat Citra | x | x | x | x | x | 2,080 | ||||||||||||||
| 8 | UKM, Fakulti Pendidikan | x | x | x | x | x | 15,498 | ||||||||||||||
| 9 | UKM, Perpustakaan Tun Sri Lanang | x | x | x | x | x | 34,074 | ||||||||||||||
| 10 | UKM, Pusat Bahasa | x | x | x | x | x | 5,018 | ||||||||||||||
| 11 | UKM, Fakulti Teknologi & Sains Maklumat | x | x | x | x | x | 29,757 | ||||||||||||||
| 12 | UKM, Tun Fatimah Hashim | x | x | x | x | x | 11,631 | ||||||||||||||
| 13 | UKM, Perpustakaan Lingkungan 2 | x | x | x | x | x | 14,594 | ||||||||||||||
| 14 | UKM, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi | x | x | x | x | x | 9,807 | ||||||||||||||
| 15 | UKM, Kompleks Permata Pintar | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | 54,249 | ||||||||||||
| 16 | UKM, Tunas Permata | x | x | x | 5,513.29 | ||||||||||||||||
| 17 | UKM Mosque | x | x | x | 9,672.42 | ||||||||||||||||
| 18 | UKM Chancellery | x | x | x | x | 26,420.04 | |||||||||||||||
| 19 | UKM Faculty of Law | x | x | x | 12,662.38 | ||||||||||||||||
| 20 | UKM Bangi Residential Area | x | x | x | x | x | 271,505 | ||||||||||||||
| 21 | UKM Bangi Research Center. | x | x | x | x | x | 211,326.00 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 929,800.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Smart building implementation
Automatic Systems in Smart Buildings at UKM
At UKM, the Building Management System (BMS) is a vital component of the university’s smart building infrastructure, automating functions across campus buildings to enhance energy efficiency, security, and operational control. This advanced system optimizes resource usage, reduces energy costs, and plays a significant role in achieving UKM sustainability goals, reinforcing the university’s commitment to environmental stewardship and efficient resource management.
Lighting Systems in Smart Buildings at UKM
UKM has upgraded its smart building lighting systems with energy-efficient LEDs, automated controls, and passive natural lighting, enhancing sustainability and reducing energy consumption. This integrated approach reflects UKM commitment to sustainable practices by combining energy-saving technology with optimal use of natural resources within its campus infrastructure.
Smart Buildings in UKM
| No. | Building that consider smart in UKM Bangi |
| 1 | UKM Akademia Siber Teknopolis (AST) |
| 2 | UKM Building Graduate School Of Business (GSB) |
| 3 | UKM, Research Complex |
| 4 | UKM, Language, Media and STEM Research Laboratory |
| 5 | Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment |
| 6 | Department of Infrastructure Development UKM (JPP) |
| 7 | UKM, Liberal Studies |
| 8 | UKM, Faculty of Information Science and Technology |
| 9 | UKM, Faculty of Science and Technology |
| 10 | UKM Chancellery |
| 11 | UKM, Permata Pintar Center |
| 12 | UKM, Tunas Permata |
| 13 | UKM Mosque |
Additional Evidence:
UKM Sustainability Strategic Plan 2030
1. Implementing programs with government agencies, community and energy related industry
To enhance building energy efficiency, UKM collaborates with government agencies, local communities, and energy-related industries to implement impactful programs across its campus. These partnerships focus on knowledge exchange, technical support, and the adoption of advanced energy-saving technologies in building upgrades. By working closely with these stakeholders, UKM integrates best practices and cutting-edge innovations, such as smart energy management systems, renewable energy installations, and energy-efficient retrofitting techniques, directly into its infrastructure. This collaborative approach not only accelerates UKM’s progress toward sustainable energy goals but also reinforces its role as a leader in energy-efficient campus operations, setting an example for other institutions nationwide (page 21).
2. Developing a policy on saving and affordable energy
UKM is committed to enhancing building energy efficiency through the development of a comprehensive policy on energy savings and affordability. This policy establishes clear guidelines for implementing energy-efficient practices across campus, including the use of sustainable materials, energy-saving technologies, and renewable energy sources in building upgrades. The policy prioritizes cost-effective measures such as LED lighting, optimized HVAC systems, and automated energy management to ensure long-term savings and environmental benefits. In addition, the policy supports continuous monitoring and evaluation of energy usage, enabling UKM to track progress, make data-driven adjustments, and maximize efficiency in real-time. By formalizing its commitment to saving and affordable energy, UKM is fostering a sustainable, cost-effective campus environment that aligns with both national and global standards for energy efficiency, setting a benchmark for institutions committed to reducing their carbon footprint (page 38).
3. Upgrading facilities based on energy saving equipment
UKM is actively upgrading its facilities with advanced energy-saving equipment to boost building energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. This initiative involves replacing outdated systems with high-efficiency alternatives, including LED lighting, low-energy HVAC systems, and automated building controls that adjust energy use based on real-time needs. Solar panels and other renewable energy sources are being installed on building rooftops to supplement energy needs and lower reliance on external power.
The university is also investing in smart energy management systems that provide precise control over energy-intensive equipment, ensuring optimized operation and minimizing waste. By upgrading to energy-saving equipment, UKM not only reduces operational costs but also aligns its infrastructure with global sustainability goals. These upgrades reflect UKM’s dedication to a sustainable campus, demonstrating leadership in energy-efficient building practices that set a high standard for institutions in Malaysia and beyond (page 38).
4. Upgrading energy management
UKM is significantly enhancing building energy efficiency through comprehensive upgrades in energy management across its campus facilities. By implementing a Centralized Energy Management System (CEMS), UKM gains real-time control and monitoring of energy consumption in all buildings. This system allows for precise adjustments in heating, cooling, and lighting based on occupancy and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal energy use and reducing unnecessary consumption. These energy management upgrades also incorporate predictive analytics to forecast energy demand, enabling proactive maintenance and efficiency improvements. Smart meters, integrated into the system, provide detailed data on energy usage patterns, helping identify potential areas for further optimization and quickly detect and address energy leaks. Through these advancements, UKM not only achieves substantial energy and cost savings but also fosters a culture of sustainability. This upgraded approach to energy management underscores UKM commitment to building a low-carbon campus, contributing to long-term environmental goals and positioning UKM as a leader in sustainable campus operations (page 39).
https://www.ukm.my/kelestarian/data/publications/UKM-SUSTAINABILITY-STRATEGIC-PLAN-2030.pdf
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) is comprehensive plan to reduce energy consumption is a bold commitment to creating a more sustainable campus. By integrating renewable energy sources, upgrading to energy-efficient systems, implementing smart building technology, and promoting conservation practices, UKM is leading the way in responsible energy management. This plan not only reduces operational costs but also aligns with UKM mission to minimize its carbon footprint, setting a powerful example of environmental stewardship in higher education.
UKM SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIC PLAN 2030
1. Developing a policy on saving and affordable energy
UKM is committed to reducing energy consumption through a comprehensive policy focused on energy savings and affordability. This policy establishes clear guidelines for energy-efficient practices across campus, promoting sustainable materials, advanced energy-saving technologies, and renewable energy sources in all building upgrades. Prioritizing cost-effective solutions, such as LED lighting, optimized HVAC systems, and automated energy management, ensures long-term savings and environmental impact reduction. Additionally, the policy emphasizes continuous monitoring and real-time evaluation of energy usage, allowing UKM to track progress and maximize efficiency through data-driven adjustments. By formalizing this commitment, UKM fosters a sustainable, cost-effective campus environment that aligns with national and global energy standards, setting a benchmark for reducing institutional carbon footprints (page 38).
2. Upgrading facilities based on energy saving equipment
UKM is actively enhancing campus infrastructure with advanced energy-saving equipment to increase building efficiency and minimize environmental impact. This includes replacing outdated systems with high-efficiency alternatives like LED lighting, low-energy HVAC systems, and automated building controls that adjust usage in real time. Solar panels and renewable energy sources are also being installed to supplement energy needs, reducing reliance on external power. Furthermore, UKM is investing in smart energy management systems that provide precise control over energy-intensive equipment, optimizing operation and minimizing waste. These upgrades not only cut operational costs but also align UKM’s infrastructure with global sustainability goals, reinforcing its leadership in energy-efficient practices across higher education in Malaysia (page 38).
3. Upgrading energy management
To further reduce energy consumption, UKM is implementing significant upgrades in energy management across campus facilities. A Centralized Energy Management System (CEMS) provides UKM with real-time control and monitoring of energy usage, enabling precise adjustments for heating, cooling, and lighting based on occupancy and environmental conditions. This system reduces unnecessary consumption while ensuring optimal energy use. Advanced predictive analytics within the system forecast energy demand, allowing for proactive maintenance and efficiency improvements. Integrated smart meters offer detailed data on usage patterns, identifying areas for further optimization and quickly detecting potential energy leaks. Through these advancements, UKM not only achieves substantial energy and cost savings but also reinforces its commitment to a low-carbon campus, contributing to long-term sustainability and positioning itself as a leader in sustainable campus operations (page 39).
https://www.ukm.my/kelestarian/data/publications/UKM-SUSTAINABILITY-STRATEGIC-PLAN-2030.pdf
UKM ENERGY MANAGEMENT
UKM has managed energy at UKM by guiding the development and management of energy efficiency and sustainability practices across the campus. This efficient management aims to reduce campus energy consumption through comprehensive guidelines that promote energy efficient practices and affordable energy solutions. Key strategies include:
- Upgrading Infrastructure: Implementing LED lighting, optimized HVAC systems, and energy-saving equipment in campus facilities to enhance energy efficiency.
- Centralized Monitoring: Utilizing a Centralized Energy Management System (CEMS) for real-time energy tracking, enabling immediate adjustments to reduce waste.
- Renewable Energy Integration: Expanding solar panel installations and incorporating additional renewable energy sources to decrease dependence on non-renewable energy.
- Continuous Evaluation: Regularly assessing energy usage to identify areas for improvement and ensure cost-effective operations.
These strategies support UKM goal of a sustainable, low-carbon campus, aligning with national and international energy efficiency standards. UKM develop a comprehensive plan to reduce energy consumption across campus:
1. Upgrade to LED Lighting
UKM is committed to reducing energy consumption by upgrading campus buildings and street lighting with high-efficiency LEDs, significantly lowering energy use while enhancing visibility and safety. This transition to energy-efficient lighting underscores UKM is dedication to creating a sustainable, eco-friendly campus environment. Replace all traditional lighting in buildings and outdoor spaces with energy-efficient LED fixtures. LEDs consume less energy and have a longer lifespan, contributing to significant savings over time.
2. Smart Building Automation Systems
Implement a Building Management System (BMS) that controls and monitors lighting, HVAC, and other systems based on real-time occupancy and environmental data. Automation ensures energy use is optimized throughout the day. At UKM, the BMS is a key element in the university’s comprehensive plan to reduce energy consumption, automating functions across campus buildings to improve energy efficiency, security, and operational control. This advanced system optimizes resource usage, lowers energy costs, and significantly supports UKM sustainability goals, reinforcing the university’s commitment to environmental stewardship and effective resource management.
UKM is plan to reduce energy consumption includes upgrading smart building lighting systems with energy-efficient LEDs, automated controls, and passive natural lighting, enhancing sustainability and significantly lowering energy use. This integrated approach reflects UKM is commitment to sustainable practices, combining energy-saving technology with optimal use of natural resources across its campus infrastructure.
3. Install Solar Panels and Renewable Energy Sources
Expand renewable energy projects by installing solar panels on rooftops and parking areas. Integrating more renewable sources reduces dependency on external power and lowers the carbon footprint. The UKM Solar Power project is a key initiative in the university’s plan to reduce energy consumption and lower electricity costs. Solar panels have been installed across the rooftops of 48 buildings, with additional installations underway, generating approximately 1,489,480 kWh of electricity annually. This 15-year collaborative project, officially launched by the Malaysian Minister of Higher Education in 2023, highlights UKM is commitment to sustainable energy and long-term environmental responsibility. Figure below shows one of the solar panels at UKM.
4. Encourage Energy Conservation Practices and Collaborate with Energy-Related Industry
UKM is dedicated to reducing energy consumption across campus through targeted conservation efforts and collaborations with energy industry experts. By integrating sustainable solutions and leveraging academic expertise, UKM fosters impactful, energy-efficient practices that contribute to a more sustainable future.
VOCATIONAL TRAINING EVENT FOR TNB EMPLOYEES
UKM’s Fuel Cell Institute recently provided Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) employees with a specialized short course on hydrogen technology and process safety, equipping them with essential skills for integrating hydrogen into operations safely and effectively. By fostering expertise in hydrogen production, storage, and safety, UKM not only supports TNB’s move toward cleaner energy solutions but also reinforces Malaysia’s sustainability goals through energy diversification and reduced carbon emissions. This initiative underscores UKM’s role as a leader in renewable energy education, demonstrating its commitment to bridging academic research with industry needs to build a sustainable energy landscape that benefits both the environment and the economy.
UKM is proactive approach to energy wastage identification underscores its commitment to sustainability and operational efficiency. By leveraging advanced monitoring systems and conducting detailed energy audits, UKM is able to pinpoint areas of excessive consumption and implement targeted solutions to reduce waste. This initiative not only drives down costs but also reinforces UKM’s role as a leader in environmental responsibility, setting a powerful example for sustainable practices in higher education.
Power Monitoring System
A Power Monitoring System for UKM is a centralized system designed to track, measure, and analyze electrical power usage across the university’s buildings and facilities. This system collects real-time data on energy consumption, peak demand periods, and power quality, providing detailed insights into how and where energy is being used on campus.
Purpose of the Power Monitoring System at UKM:
- Energy Efficiency: By monitoring real-time energy usage, UKM can identify patterns, detect high-consumption areas, and implement strategies to reduce waste, ultimately improving overall energy efficiency.
- Cost Reduction: The system enables UKM to manage and control energy expenses by targeting areas of inefficiency and optimizing power usage during peak and off-peak hours.
- Preventive Maintenance: By tracking power quality and usage, the system can alert facilities management to any irregularities, helping to identify potential issues early and preventing costly equipment failures or downtimes.
- Sustainability Goals: This system supports UKM’s sustainability targets, including its Net Zero Emission Target by 2050, by reducing energy waste, lowering carbon emissions, and fostering environmentally responsible practices.
- Data-Driven Decision Making: The power monitoring system provides comprehensive data that UKM can use to make informed decisions regarding infrastructure upgrades, energy-saving initiatives, and budget planning.
UKM power monitoring system is a critical tool for enhancing energy efficiency, managing costs, supporting sustainability, and ensuring the reliable operation of campus facilities
Electricity Bill National University of Malaysia, Bangi Campus
UKM 2023 energy consumption report highlights the university’s proactive approach in monitoring and managing electricity usage, with detailed monthly analysis that reveals significant fluctuations in both consumption and costs. By identifying high-consumption periods, such as the April peak with a 25.7% cost increase, UKM implemented targeted strategies to optimize energy use and reduce expenses. This data-driven approach reflects UKM’s commitment to sustainability and cost-efficiency, reinforcing its role as a leader in responsible energy management within higher education.
The 2023 UKM Bangi Energy Consumption Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the university’s monthly energy use, detailing peak and off-peak periods and corresponding costs. With a total consumption of 46,448,648 kWh across the year, this report highlights significant usage patterns and monthly fluctuations, offering crucial insights for targeted energy reduction strategies. By tracking both the volume and cost of electricity, UKM can identify peak demand periods and optimize energy-saving efforts accordingly. This data-driven approach reinforces UKM commitment to sustainable energy management, paving the way for impactful, cost-effective initiatives that contribute to the university’s broader sustainability and efficiency goals.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1baUR4eT5BeSAaUJdlRiRZIBxE8ZbVjZ5/view?usp=sharing
Location of Digital Power Meter at UKM
The map of UKM below, displays the strategic placement of Digital Power Meters and Water Meters across various buildings and facilities on campus, highlighting UKM is commitment to effective resource management and energy efficiency. With 109 digital power meters and 14 water meters distributed across different zones, this setup allows for real-time monitoring and precise control of energy and water usage, enabling UKM to identify areas of high consumption, optimize resource allocation, and reduce overall environmental impact. The map illustrates specific meter locations, such as in student residences, academic blocks, research centers, and administrative buildings, allowing UKM to track and manage energy and water usage accurately across its infrastructure. This network of meters supports UKM is sustainable campus initiatives by helping to minimize wastage, reduce costs, and contribute to the university’s broader sustainability and net-zero emission goals.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/14f0kaSrarhjXe08yQ7gsLvVcOGsxCbji/view?usp=sharing
The Digital Power Meters indicated on the UKM map are critical components in the university’s plan to enhance energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions across campus. With 109 digital power meters strategically installed across various buildings, including student residences, research facilities, and administrative offices, these meters provide real-time data on electricity consumption at granular levels. Each digital power meter helps UKM track energy use precisely, identifying peaks in consumption and areas with high demand. This data enables the university to:
- Optimize Energy Use: By analyzing the data from each meter, UKM can adjust energy usage patterns, reduce consumption during peak hours, and implement energy-saving practices in high-consumption areas.
- Implement Targeted Upgrades: The insights gained from these meters allow UKM to pinpoint specific buildings or zones where energy efficiency upgrades, such as LED lighting, HVAC optimization, or solar panel installations, would have the greatest impact.
- Monitor and Control Wastage: The power meters provide alerts on unusual or excessive energy usage, allowing immediate action to be taken to prevent wastage. This could include addressing faulty equipment, managing Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) settings, or adjusting lighting schedules.
- Support Sustainable Campus Goals: These digital meters play a crucial role in supporting UKM’s sustainability goals by directly contributing to the university’s carbon reduction targets and helping achieve its Net Zero Emission Target by 2050. The data allows UKM to measure the effectiveness of its energy-saving initiatives and adjust strategies as needed.
- Educate and Engage the Campus Community: With accessible and transparent energy data, UKM can involve students, staff, and faculty in energy conservation efforts. By sharing consumption insights and setting reduction targets, the university promotes a culture of sustainability within its community.
The network of digital power meters on the UKM campus serves as a foundation for efficient energy management. It empowers UKM to make informed decisions about resource allocation, reduce operating costs, and achieve its sustainability objectives by creating a more energy-conscious campus environment.
Submeter Reading Data and Electricity Charging Rates for Buildings at UKM
In 2023, UKM took significant steps to identify and reduce energy wastage across its campus through comprehensive energy audits and real-time data analysis. By monitoring energy usage closely, UKM pinpointed specific inefficiencies within its buildings and facilities, particularly through the Energy Efficiency Index (EEI), which revealed areas where energy consumption could be optimized. With a rise in energy use post-pandemic, reflected in the EEI data, UKM leveraged these insights to prioritize upgrades, including advanced HVAC systems, enhanced district cooling, and the widespread adoption of LED lighting. These targeted actions underscore UKM’s proactive approach to sustainable campus operations, showcasing its commitment to not only reducing costs but also lowering carbon emissions. By addressing energy wastage directly, UKM reinforces its role as a leader in environmental responsibility, setting a powerful example for sustainable practices in higher education. The following are some comparisons to identify the areas with the highest electricity consumption in UKM:
1. Faculty
There are eight faculties at UKM, each faculty has its own monthly breakdown, showing fluctuations in electricity consumption and costs across the year. For instance, the Faculty of Science and Technology shows consistently high usage compared to other faculties, likely due to laboratory equipment and specialized facilities that require constant energy. Monitoring this data is essential for UKM energy management and reduction strategy. By analyzing consumption patterns, UKM can identify high-energy-consuming faculties, implement targeted energy-saving measures, and promote efficient usage across campus. This detailed monitoring aligns with UKM commitment to reducing energy consumption and supporting its broader sustainability goals.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1J3rVxTlWGa62a8E7TpR8eFiL7xs4KZ56/view?usp=sharing
2. Residential Colleges
The electricity consumption data for UKM residential colleges in 2023 reveals several key insights. Monthly fluctuations in energy usage and costs indicate varying patterns potentially influenced by changes in occupancy or seasonal factors, such as increased air conditioning during warmer months. Certain colleges, including Kolej Pendeta Zaba and Kolej Keris Mas, show consistently higher energy consumption and associated costs, likely due to larger student populations or more energy-intensive facilities. The annual totals at the end of each college’s section provide a comprehensive view of yearly energy expenditure, enabling UKM to identify high-consumption colleges and implement targeted energy-saving strategies to optimize efficiency and manage costs effectively.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1J3rVxTlWGa62a8E7TpR8eFiL7xs4KZ56/view?usp=sharing
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) has been actively involved in community outreach programs that promote energy efficiency and clean energy. These initiatives are critical in raising awareness and educating the local community on the importance of adopting sustainable energy practices. By engaging with the public through various programs, UKM is contributing significantly towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7, which aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. UKM local community outreach for energy efficiency program empowers communities by sharing knowledge, resources, and sustainable practices to reduce energy consumption and promote environmental responsibility. Through workshops, partnerships, and hands-on initiatives, UKM educates local communities on practical energy-saving methods, renewable energy adoption, and efficient resource use. This outreach not only strengthens UKM commitment to sustainability but also fosters a culture of eco-consciousness, enabling communities to take actionable steps toward a greener future.
1. Seminar/ Talk
- Public Lecture: “Readiness of Malaysia Towards Low Carbon Nation”
- Date: February 1, 2023
- Organizers: Fuel Cell Institute, in collaboration with UKMShape
The Webinar Ilmu & Dunia Program at UKM in 2023 is a knowledge-sharing initiative aimed at expanding perspectives and understanding on various topics of academic and societal relevance. This program brings together experts, academics, and participants from diverse fields to discuss issues, innovations, and advancements that impact both academia and the wider community. Through these webinars, UKM fosters a culture of lifelong learning and community engagement, supporting its mission to be a center of knowledge and societal contribution.
The Fuel Cell Institute delivered an online public lecture on Malaysia’s readiness to transition towards a low-carbon nation. This lecture, which was live-streamed on Facebook, was presented by Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Director of the Fuel Cell Institute. The session aimed to educate the public about the importance of low-carbon technologies, particularly fuel cells, in mitigating climate change. The outreach program played a pivotal role in fostering a national conversation on sustainable energy futures. This segment also highlighted Malaysia’s readiness and strategies in advancing toward a low-carbon economy. The discussion focused on initiatives, innovations, and policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, particularly relevant to Malaysia’s climate goals.
https://www.facebook.com/share/p/KTW58uR8RAq24Mv3/?mibextid=oFDknk
- SERI Coffee Talk Series 2023
- Date: March 21, 2023 – December 14, 2023
- Organizers: Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
The SERI Coffee Talk Series 2023, organized by the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) at UKM, is a series of informal discussions aimed at fostering knowledge exchange and networking among researchers, industry professionals, and students. This series provides a relaxed, interactive platform for exploring topics related to solar energy, renewable technologies, and sustainability. Participants have the opportunity to engage with experts, discuss current trends and challenges in the field, and build connections that may lead to future collaborations. This series give some focus areas on public awareness, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) visibility and research capacity building.
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- Training of Trainers (TOT) X-PLORASI STEM 2023
- Date: June 13 & 15, 2023
- Organizers: Fuel Cell Institute, UKM in collaboration with Institute of Teacher Education Malay Women Campus (IPGK PM), Melaka.
- Participating Schools: Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan Notre Dame Convent (SMJKNDC) and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Paya Rumput (SMKPR)
The Training of Trainers (TOT) X-PLORASI STEM 2023 program, organized by the Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL) at UKM in collaboration with the Institute of Teacher Education Malay Women Campus, inspired students from Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan Notre Dame Convent and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Paya Rumput to embrace STEM. Through engaging, game-based learning modules on low-carbon hydrogen fuel cell technology, students explored STEM beyond traditional textbooks, fostering curiosity and critical thinking. Supported by dedicated teachers and facilitators, the program empowered students with hands-on activities, teamwork, and real-world problem-solving skills. Funded by UKM under the Geran Translasi UKM, X-PLORASI STEM 2023 left a lasting impact, igniting a love for learning and setting the stage for future STEM leaders. This educational outreach was designed to bridge the gap between classroom learning and real-world applications by introducing students to low-carbon technologies, focusing on hydrogen fuel cells. The program employed a game-based learning approach to make the content engaging and accessible for students.
https://www.facebook.com/share/p/yoERYJbqs8wqZ7Xf/?mibextid=oFDknk
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- Seminar on Pathways to Net Zero
- Date: November, 29 2023
- Organizers: Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)
Seminar on Pathways to Net Zero was successfully conducted on 6 November 2023, co-organised by Fuel Cell Institute and Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, UKM. It was an honor to have two distinguished speakers Prof. Wu Wei and Associate Prof. Lee Jui-Yuan deliver talks during the seminar. The Seminar on Pathways to Net Zero explores innovative approaches for achieving sustainability and reducing carbon footprints. Key presentations include:
- Economic and Environmental Analyses of Green Diesel Production by Hydrotreating of Palm Oil: This session examines the feasibility of producing green diesel from palm oil through hydrotreating, analyzing both the economic and environmental impacts of this alternative fuel source.
- The Role of Process Integration in Achieving Net Zero Emissions: This presentation highlights the importance of process integration—optimizing energy use within industrial systems—to significantly reduce emissions and drive progress toward net-zero goals.
Together, these discussions provide valuable insights into sustainable fuel alternatives and efficient industrial processes, both critical for a low-carbon future.
2. Conference
- World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) 2023 (WREC2023)
- Date: July 16-20, 2023
- Organizers: Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
The World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) 2023, organized by the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), is a biennial conference that provides a global platform for researchers, policymakers, industry experts, and stakeholders to collaborate and share knowledge on renewable energy technologies. Supported by the Malaysia Convention & Exhibition Bureau (MyCEB) and the World Renewable Energy Network (WREN), WREC2023 fosters discussions and networking among diverse sectors, facilitating knowledge transfer and international partnerships. With backing from MyCEB, along with support from Malaysia’s Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture (MOTAC) and Ministry of Finance, the event aligns with Malaysia’s 3R (Reset, Restart, Responsible) initiative for industry recovery and includes the MySafe Business Events Planner for safe, organized travel experiences for international participants.
https://www.ukm.my/seri/upcoming-events/world-renewable-energy-congress-wrec-2023/
- The 8th International Conference & 3rd Symposium on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT-SFCHT 2023)
- Date: September 5-6, 2023
- Organizers: Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)
The 8th International Conference & 3rd Symposium on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT-SFCHT 2023) brings together researchers, industry experts, and policymakers from around the world to discuss the latest advancements in fuel cell and hydrogen technology. This prestigious event provides a platform for sharing innovative research, exploring new applications, and fostering collaborations in the field of clean energy. Topics include developments in fuel cell systems, hydrogen production and storage, and the role of hydrogen in achieving global sustainability goals. ICFCHT-SFCHT 2023 serves as a critical gathering for driving forward the adoption of hydrogen technology as a clean, sustainable energy solution. This conference aimed at integrating various disciplines related to fuel cells and hydrogen technology. It was made accessible to the public on the morning of September 5th, allowing broader community participation and enhancing awareness of the latest advancements in the field. The initiative was part of UKM’s ongoing efforts to engage the public in discussions on green technology, renewable energy, and sustainable development.
https://www.ukm.my/sfcht/
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) is committed to achieving a 100% Renewable Energy Pledge by 2050, as outlined in its UKM Sustainability Policy 2030, established in 2023. This ambitious goal aims to transition all campus operations to renewable energy sources, significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing environmental stewardship within higher education. UKM’s pledge reflects its dedication to fostering a sustainable future by integrating renewable energy and sustainable practices across its campuses, setting a benchmark in environmental responsibility for universities.
The 100% Renewable Energy Pledge at UKM
- Renewable Energy Transition: UKM is focusing on increasing renewable energy sources, such as solar power, biomass, and other clean energy technologies, across its campus facilities. This includes ongoing solar installations on rooftops and other renewable projects.
- Energy Efficiency Initiatives: To reduce energy demand, UKM is upgrading infrastructure to be more energy-efficient, including LED lighting, HVAC improvements, and a robust Building Management System (BMS) to optimize energy use in real-time.
- Research and Innovation: UKM is investing in research on future renewable energy technologies, such as hydrogen energy, and building partnerships with industry leaders to foster innovation in sustainable energy solutions.
- Educational Integration: The pledge also emphasizes educating the university community on sustainable practices and the importance of renewable energy. This includes embedding sustainability principles into the curriculum and conducting workshops and programs focused on renewable energy and conservation.
- Carbon Reduction Goals: This 100% Renewable Energy Pledge aligns with UKM’s Zero Carbon Campus 2050 target, aiming to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a cleaner, more sustainable future for the university and beyond.
Through this pledge, UKM demonstrates a leadership role in sustainable development and sets a powerful example for institutions globally by committing to a renewable, eco-friendly future that aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Source: https://www.ukm.my/kelestarian/data/sdg7/UKM-SUSTAINABILITY-POLICY-2030-ENG.pdf
UKM Sustainability Strategic Plan 2030
1. Developing a policy on saving and affordable energy
As part of its commitment to the 100% Renewable Energy Pledge, UKM is enhancing building energy efficiency with a comprehensive policy on energy savings and affordability. This policy provides clear guidelines for implementing energy-efficient practices across campus, including using sustainable materials, advanced energy-saving technologies, and renewable energy sources in building upgrades. Prioritizing cost-effective measures such as LED lighting, optimized HVAC systems, and automated energy management, this policy ensures long-term savings and environmental benefits. It also supports continuous monitoring and evaluation of energy usage, enabling UKM to track progress and make data-driven adjustments in real time. By formalizing its commitment to energy savings and affordability, UKM is creating a sustainable, cost-effective campus that aligns with its renewable energy goals and sets a benchmark for carbon footprint reduction in higher education (page 38).
2. Upgrading facilities based on energy saving equipment
In line with its 100% Renewable Energy Pledge, UKM is upgrading its facilities with advanced energy-saving equipment to boost energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. This initiative includes replacing outdated systems with high-efficiency alternatives, such as LED lighting, low-energy HVAC systems, and automated building controls that adjust energy use based on real-time needs. By installing solar panels and other renewable energy sources on rooftops, UKM is reducing reliance on external power and increasing its renewable energy capacity. The university’s investment in smart energy management systems ensures optimized operation, minimizes waste, and reduces operational costs, contributing to UKM renewable energy goals. These upgrades showcase UKM’s dedication to a sustainable campus and leadership in energy-efficient practices, setting a high standard for institutions in Malaysia and beyond (page 38).
3. Upgrading energy management
As part of its 100% Renewable Energy Pledge, UKM is significantly enhancing energy efficiency through comprehensive upgrades in energy management across campus. The implementation of a Centralized Energy Management System (CEMS) allows UKM real-time control and monitoring of energy consumption in all buildings. This system enables precise adjustments in heating, cooling, and lighting based on occupancy and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal energy use and reducing unnecessary consumption. Incorporating predictive analytics, these energy management upgrades forecast demand, allowing for proactive maintenance and efficiency improvements. Smart meters integrated into the system provide detailed data on energy usage, identifying areas for further optimization and quickly addressing energy leaks. Through these advancements, UKM achieves substantial energy and cost savings, aligning with its renewable energy pledge, fostering a culture of sustainability, and reinforcing its leadership in building a low-carbon, sustainable campus (page 39).
Source: https://www.ukm.my/kelestarian/data/publications/UKM-SUSTAINABILITY-STRATEGIC-PLAN-2030.pdf
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia’s Multifaceted Approach Towards Net Zero Carbon by 2050
UKM’s progressive journey towards achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050, marked by significant milestones. In 2020, UKM initiated its commitment to sustainability by establishing a dedicated governance structure to oversee and guide its environmental efforts through UKM Sustainability Policy 2030 and UKM Sustainability Strategic Plan 2030. UKM Strategic Plan consist of 5 main pillars, which provide a strategic framework for achieving its ambitious environmental and social goals. The first pillar, Governance and Management, ensures that sustainability principles are embedded within UKM’s administrative structure and decision-making processes, promoting responsible leadership and accountability. The Sustainable Campus pillar focuses on transforming the physical environment of the university, fostering eco-friendly practices and infrastructure to reduce environmental impact. Through the Research and Innovation pillar, UKM encourages groundbreaking research that addresses climate change and environmental challenges, facilitating the development of sustainable technologies and solutions. The Teaching and Learning pillar underscores UKM’s commitment to educating students and staff on sustainability, integrating these topics into the curriculum to cultivate a culture of environmental consciousness. Lastly, University Well-being and Community emphasizes the university’s role in supporting the well-being of its students, faculty, and surrounding community, highlighting UKM’s dedication to social responsibility.
Building on this foundation, 2022 saw the introduction of a comprehensive climate change policy, along with the setting of an ambitious carbon neutrality target. In 2022, In 2022, UKM advanced its sustainability agenda by implementing a Net Zero Framework, a structured roadmap designed to achieve carbon neutrality. This framework involves a phased approach, ensuring systematic progress toward net zero emissions. The initial phase focuses on data gathering to accurately assess carbon emissions across the campus, covering areas such as energy consumption, waste, and transportation. With a comprehensive understanding of its carbon footprint, UKM then moves to strategy development, identifying key areas where emissions can be effectively reduced. Subsequent phases include carbon offset initiatives and establishing a Carbon Neutral Campus Policy to formalize commitments and guide action. Further measures within the framework include emission reduction targets that are gradually introduced and adjusted based on UKM’s evolving sustainability needs. These targets encompass green practices like enhancing energy efficiency, adopting renewable energy sources, and encouraging sustainable behaviors among students and staff. This phased approach reflects UKM’s meticulous and data-driven strategy to ensure that every step taken is impactful and aligns with its long-term carbon neutrality goals.
In 2030, UKM’s commitment to carbon neutral 2050 outlined multi-faceted approach that includes a thorough Assessment of Net Carbon Emissions, a range of Initiatives to Carbon Neutral University, and forward-looking Future Projects to drive sustainable development across campus. The Assessment of Net Carbon Emissions categorizes emissions into three scopes: Scope 1 (direct emissions from university-controlled sources), Scope 2 (indirect emissions from purchased electricity), and Scope 3 (other indirect emissions such as those from commuting and waste). This comprehensive assessment enables UKM to measure its carbon footprint accurately and identify key areas where emission reductions can be implemented.
Building on this foundation, UKM has launched several Initiatives to Carbon Neutral University that focus on essential areas like energy conservation, waste management, water efficiency, and sustainable mobility. For instance, energy initiatives include the adoption of solar power, improved insulation in buildings, and LED lighting, while waste management efforts target reducing landfill contributions through composting, recycling, and the elimination of single-use plastics. Water-saving practices, such as rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling, contribute to resource conservation, and sustainable mobility is supported by electric buses and bicycles to minimize carbon emissions from transportation.
Looking ahead, UKM has ambitious Future Projects planned to bolster its carbon-neutral efforts. These projects include installing LED streetlights across the campus, expanding the electric bus fleet, establishing zero-waste laboratories, and earning green building recognition for campus facilities. Additionally, UKM is committed to creating a comprehensive network of charging stations for electric vehicles, supporting the transition to cleaner transportation options. Together, these assessment practices, ongoing initiatives, and future projects demonstrate UKM’s holistic and proactive approach to sustainability, underscoring its determination to reach carbon neutrality by 2050.
100% Renewable Energy Project
Bertam Smart City 2023
To support the 100% renewable energy pledge beyond Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), we can highlight regional projects such as the Bertam Smart City initiative. This initiative, launched in 2023, aims to significantly cut carbon emissions by an estimated 69.7%. The project integrates renewable energy solutions with smart infrastructure, exemplifying the potential for energy-efficient urban planning. By promoting this case, UKM can inspire broader commitments to renewable energy in urban development, supporting Malaysia’s transition toward sustainable energy use and serving as a model for local and international communities in carbon reduction and energy sustainability.
Source:https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/02/27/bertam-smart-city-expected-to-reduce-697-of-carbon-emissions
World Renewable Energy Congress 2023
The World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) 2023, hosted by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), presents a significant platform to promote the public pledge toward achieving 100% renewable energy beyond the university. This event convened global experts, researchers, and policymakers, fostering discussions and collaborations on renewable energy advancements, sustainable solutions, and energy policies. By highlighting outcomes from WREC 2023, UKM can underscore the importance of renewable energy adoption on a global scale and encourage institutions, industries, and governments to commit to sustainable energy practices. The congress reinforces the role of UKM as a leader in advancing SDG 7 goals through active global engagement and advocacy.
Source: https://www.ukm.my/wrec2023/
Through its Energy Efficiency Services for Industry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) offers expert, free-of-charge consultations to help industries optimise energy use, lower operational costs, and advance sustainability goals. By providing comprehensive assessments, actionable insights, and customised strategies at no cost, UKM empowers businesses to reduce their carbon footprint and enhance energy efficiency. This initiative underscores UKM commitment to supporting sustainable growth in Malaysia’s industrial sector, demonstrating leadership in environmental stewardship and innovation.
Workshop on Electrolyzer Certification (with PETRONAS)
In collaboration with PETRONAS, UKM Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL) has initiated 11 groundbreaking projects centered on electrolyzer technology, with a total investment of RM10 million. These projects aim to refine and commercialise electrolyzer technology, which is pivotal in the production of clean hydrogen energy. Hydrogen production through electrolyzers is an efficient process that, when powered by renewable energy sources, emits zero carbon and serves as a sustainable alternative to traditional fuels. The focus on commercialisation highlights UKM commitment to providing energy efficiency services for industry by offering scalable, clean energy solutions that industries can integrate into their operations. As these projects reach commercialisation, industries will have access to certified, high-efficiency electrolyzers developed with stringent safety and performance standards. This ensures that hydrogen production is not only environmentally friendly but also energy-efficient, allowing companies to reduce energy waste and minimise greenhouse gas emissions. Through this collaboration, UKM is positioning itself as a leader in sustainable industrial practices and a provider of energy-efficient technologies, actively contributing to Malaysia’s clean energy landscape. By supporting industries in adopting hydrogen fuel systems and optimising their energy use, UKM exemplifies how academic research and industry partnerships can drive forward a low-carbon, energy-efficient future.
Vocational Training Event for Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Employees
UKM Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL) recently delivered a specialised short course on hydrogen technology and process safety for employees of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Malaysia’s primary electricity provider. This targeted training was designed to empower TNB personnel with the critical knowledge and skills needed to safely and effectively integrate hydrogen technologies into their operations. By equipping TNB staff with insights into hydrogen production, storage, and safety protocols, UKM is directly supporting the transition toward cleaner, more efficient energy solutions in Malaysia. This training initiative demonstrates UKM dedication to offering energy efficiency services for industry, extending beyond academic research to practical, industry-relevant applications. By fostering hydrogen technology expertise, UKM enables TNB to adopt cutting-edge, energy-efficient solutions that align with Malaysia’s national sustainability goals. As hydrogen is a clean energy carrier, integrating it into TNB’s operations contributes to reduced carbon emissions and supports energy diversification, which is crucial for enhancing energy resilience. Moreover, these training initiatives underscore UKM role as a leader in advancing renewable energy, highlighting a proactive approach to building sustainable practices not only within its own campus but across key industry sectors. Through partnerships and tailored training programs, UKM is creating a ripple effect, enhancing energy efficiency and fostering a sustainable energy landscape in Malaysia, benefiting both the environment and the economy.
Research Project Energy Efficiency Services
- Title: Design of Hybrid RF-Solar Energy Harvesting System with Conjoint AI and Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Standalone Solar PV-RF Module Under Various Irradiance Condition
- Sponsor: Najran University
- Category: International
- Grant Name: Najran University
- Title: Potential and optimization of distributed small modular nuclear reactor-solar photovoltaics (DSMPV) hybrid energy systems in Malaysia
- Sponsor: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Category: International
- Grant Name: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Title: Understanding the role of magnetic island in plasma acceleration and energy conversion during magnetic reconnection
- Sponsor: Institute for Space-earth Environmental Research (ISEE)
- Category: International
- Grant Name: Institute for Space-earth Environmental Research (ISEE)
- Title: Ion physics and energy budget in reconnection region
- Sponsor: Institute for Space-earth Environmental Research (ISEE)
- Category: International
- Grant Name: Institute for Space-earth Environmental Research (ISEE)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) is driving low-carbon innovation through the development of its Heat Pump Solar Dryer, a cutting-edge solution combining solar energy and heat pump technology to provide an energy-efficient drying method for agricultural and marine products. This system drastically reduces reliance on fossil fuels, minimizing carbon emissions while preserving product quality. By offering eco-friendly alternatives for drying high-value crops. Besides, UKM had established Geothermal Resources Sdn. Bhd. (GRSB) is a one stop center for geothermal solutions and focused on prefeasibility, exploring, feasibility studies and mapping geothermal energy sources in Malaysia. UKM not only supports sustainable practices in agriculture and aquaculture but also exemplifies its commitment to fostering a low-carbon economy. This technology empowers industries to meet environmental standards while ensuring product safety, quality, and profitability.
Smart Heat Pump Drier
Development of Smart Heat Pump Drier to solve problem related to open air drying of agricultural crops. This technology has generated income to UKM about RM 22,000 for year 2023.
Source: https://ukmace.com/technologies/heat-pump-solar-dryer/
Heat Pump Solar Dryer: Supporting Low-Carbon Innovation
Technology Overview
This heat pump solar dryer combines a solar collector and heat pump system to provide a low-carbon, energy-efficient drying solution. It uses air and refrigerant as working fluids for the solar collector and heat pump systems, respectively. The heat pump comprises four main components: the evaporator, expansion valve, condenser, and compressor. The system operates in three modes, (a) combined heat pump and solar collector; (b) solar collector only; and (c) heat pump only allowing for continuous, efficient drying or dehumidifying. The drying chamber holds products in trays, while ambient air, induced by a fan, flows through the solar collector, which is heated by incoming solar radiation. This heated air enters the drying chamber, absorbing moisture from the product. Moisture-laden air then moves to the evaporator, where water vapor is effectively removed, and conditioned air is directed back to the condenser and solar collector, increasing temperature and optimizing dehumidification. This innovative design enhances drying efficiency while minimizing energy use, contributing to low-carbon industrial processing.
Inspiration of the Invention
There is an urgent need for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technology to produce high-value dried products. Traditional drying methods often rely on fossil fuels and high-temperature processes, which consume significant energy and produce greenhouse gas emissions, negatively impacting the environment. In contrast, an eco-friendly, energy-efficient drying technology would not only reduce the carbon footprint of production but also preserve the nutritional quality, texture, and color of high-value products, such as herbs, fruits, and specialty foods. Such technology would cater to the growing demand for sustainably produced goods, allowing industries to meet both consumer expectations for high-quality products and regulatory standards for environmental responsibility. This shift toward greener, more efficient drying methods is essential for fostering sustainable practices across sectors and supporting the global movement toward low-carbon innovation.
Problem Statement & Current Issues
The traditional method of open sun drying poses several significant risks that compromise product quality and safety. Products left to dry under open sun are exposed to environmental contaminants, including dust and dirt, leading to lower quality and potential health hazards. Additionally, open drying is highly susceptible to insect and microbial infestation, as the prolonged drying time and lack of controlled conditions create an ideal environment for bacteria, mold, and pests to thrive. This exposure not only increases the risk of spoilage during the drying process but also reduces shelf life during storage, often resulting in substantial post-harvest losses. Furthermore, weather fluctuations, such as unexpected rain or high humidity, can disrupt the drying process, leading to uneven drying and a lack of consistency in product quality. These challenges make open sun drying inefficient and unreliable for high-value products, underscoring the need for advanced, controlled drying technologies that enhance both safety and quality.
Inventiveness & Novelty
- The solar collector has several heat transfer enhancement features such as dual pass, fins, and integrated storage system that improve efficiency.
- The heat pump has dual condenser with high coefficient of performance
Usefulness & Application
- Environment friendly system – The use of fossil fuel for drying will result in environmental degradation.
- Energy Saving and low risk.
- Highly profitable business (2 – 6 months payback period).
Impact of the Product
High value products – high quality dried fruit for cereal to heat sensitive medicinal herbs, almost all agricultural to marine products
Market Potential
- The solar assisted heat pump solar dryer unit is an efficient method for drying and dehumidification of agricultural and marine products.
- Sales of Dried Food Product for Malaysia in 2020 – (RM 4000 million).
TRL : 7
Market Potential
- Plantation for water holding materials/fertilizer.
- Sanitary and hygienist: diapers, absorbance sheets (hospital use) etc.
- Plant pot and decorations.
TRL : 5
https://ukmace.com/technologies/heat-pump-solar-dryer/
Figure below showcase UKM innovative Solar Heat Pump Dryer and smart drying rack technology, which exemplify low-carbon solutions for drying agricultural and marine products like Kesum leaves and microalgae. By utilizing solar energy and energy-efficient drying methods, these technologies drastically reduce reliance on conventional fossil-fuel-based drying, minimizing carbon emissions and energy consumption. This approach not only preserves the quality and value of high-grade products but also supports sustainable practices in agriculture and aquaculture. UKM efforts in developing and implementing these drying systems highlight its commitment to advancing low-carbon innovation, providing industries with eco-friendly alternatives for processing high-value crops.
Geothermal Resources Sdn. Bhd.
Technology Overview :
The project is led by Prof. Madya Ts. Dr. Mohd Hariri Bin Arifin from Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Geothermal Resources Sdn. Bhd. (GRSB) is a one stop center for geothermal solutions and focused on prefeasibility, exploring, feasibility studies and mapping geothermal energy sources in Malaysia established in 2022. This company is committed to advancing the understanding and utilization of geothermal energy in the region, contributing to renewable energy solutions and environmental sustainability. GRSB has a fully equipped geothermal lab in UKM Bangi and collaboration with various academic and industry experts.
Philosophy : At Geothermal Resources , we hope one day it will be in use in everyday aspects of life
Expertise : Our team of highly trained and experienced professionals and latest technology in the industry.
Facilities : At Geothermal Resources , we believe that hot springs can provide cascading benefits from renewable energy , wellness and other benefits
Source : https://geothermal-resources.com/
UKM’s Pledge Towards 100% Renewable Energy
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) is committed to achieving 100% renewable energy by 2050. In our Sustainability Strategic Plan 2030 under the fourth pillar Sustainable Campus, we have planned and progressively taken actions on the development of affordable energy (Figure 1) and energy-efficiency management (Figure 2) in UKM.
Figure 1 : Objective 4 Developing Affordable Energy
Figure 2 : Objective 5 Efficient energy management
Actions To Create UKM Powered By Renewable Energy
UKM has implemented 3 renewable energy sources in the campus as an effort into providing alternative energy. The renewable energy sources that are currently operating by the institutes in UKM are solar power, biodiesel and clean biomass
1. Solar power
UKM Solar Power project was implemented for the purpose of saving the university’s electricity costs. A 1,460,000-kWhsolar panel has been installed on the roof of the UKM building in Bangi, involving 50 buildings. From this project, between 10% to 20% reduction is expected in maximum electrical demand charges.
Solar panel installation in UKM Bangi Campus
2.Hydrogen Energy
UKM supports government’s policy to Net Zero Carbon in Energy Production for 2050 when UKM Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL) successfully produced Electrolyser unit, which is a hydrogen production system, from the joint research collaboration with Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB). The project that was developed was a pilot plant for the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) type electrolyser system for the production of bio-hydrogen from the green source that is water. The bipolar plate design (straight line design) and the plate coating process have been successfully developed and optimized to increase hydrogen production. Grade 2 Titanium plate coated with Iridium-ruthenium capable of operating to produce hydrogen up to 1000 hours of operation with the ability to maintain hydrogen production performance of 46kWh/kg H2.
3. Clean biogas
In the aspect of environmental engineering research, UKM has implemented biogas production research in one of its living labs, Chini Lake Research Center (PPTC) to utilize green technology for nature preservation and pollution reduction. Biogas research in PPTC has compiled a biogas database in collaboration with the industry, in a built biogas facility known as Biogas Technology Cockpit. For every 1 kilogram of palm oil mill effluent (POME), it produces 0.75 kg methane (CH4), which will then produce a 10 kWh energy rate.
Biogas Technology Cockpit in Chini Lake Research Center (PPTC)
UKM supports the government’s and the world’s mission in reducing greenhouse gas emissions especially within the campus area. One of the initiatives that has been carried out by UKM is by the usage of zero-emission vehicles in which UKM has launched two hydrogen vehicles, a golf cart buggy and a mini hybrid sport utility vehicle (SUV). Through modifications of electric vehicles, these energy efficient, environment-friendly vehicles were developed by a group of researchers from UKM’s Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL) in collaboration with industry.
4. Hydrogen hybrid vehicles
The development of the hydrogen hybrid vehicle is based on the technical codes issued by Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd (MTFSB) by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (CMA 1998).
5. Electric bicycles
UKM supports the goal of a low-carbon campus by providing sustainable transportation facilities. Electric bicycles in the UKM campus is the latest initiative in reducing the use of private vehicles and also the dependence on the campus bus service. This electric bicycle is low-carbon and also environmentally friendly.
6. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Golf Buggy
UKM has also introduced the hydrogen fuel cell golf buggy, one of the zero-emission vehicles used in UKM.
As of 2023, UKM is in progress to install solar/LED streetlights in the campus as one of the initiatives on upgrading facilities based on energy saving requirements to fulfill the UKM’s commitment in developing affordable energy in the Sustainability Strategic Plan 2030.
Fuel Cell Institute (SELFUEL)
The establishment of Fuel Cell Institute (Institut Sel Fuel), the first research institute in Malaysia conducting research on fuel cell and hydrogen energy, was approved by the Ministry of Higher Education on the 1st of July 2006. The name of the Institute was initially Institute of Fuel Cell Technology (Institut Teknologi Sel Bahan Api). The new name Fuel Cell Institute (Institut Sel Fuel) was approved on 14th July 2007.
SELFUEL website: www.ukm.my/selfuel
Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
The Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) is a renowned research institution dedicated to advancing the development and utilization of solar energy in Malaysia and beyond. With a strong commitment to promoting sustainable energy solutions, SERI plays a vital role in driving the country’s transition towards clean and renewable energy sources. Recognized for its cutting-edge research, innovative technologies, and multidisciplinary approach, SERI brings together experts from diverse fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry, materials science, and environmental science. SERI’s research primarily focuses on enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and affordability of solar energy systems.
SERI website: www.ukm.my/seri/
UKM Solar Service Launch
YB Dato’ Seri Mohamed Khaled bin Hj. Nordin, Minister of Higher Education, accompanied by Prof Dato’ Gs. Ts. Dr. Mohd Ekhwan Hj. Toriman, UKM Vice Chancellor launched the UKM Solar Service at the Working Visit to Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
UKM’s Generation Management Center (JANA@UKM) has collaborated with Syarikat PV Hi Tech Solar Sdn. Bhd. to manage UKM’s Solar Services RFP Project worth RM24 million to generate green energy from renewable energy sources of 7MWac.
Solar panels that are expected to be used for a period of 25 years will be installed on more than 50 building roofs at the UKM Bangi campus. The estimated savings that will be obtained from this solar installation will involve electricity bill savings of at least 16% for each kwh used.
UKM Solar Project
Installation of Solar Thermal Systems and Low Energy Architecture panels at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. These solar panels will be used to turn on the hot water system using the solar thermal collector method
Photovoltaic solar was also installed in the student residence of the Faculty of Medicine at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur.
Bertam Smart City Expected to Reduce 69.7% of Carbon Emissions
The state goverment’s project to transform the city of Bertam into a smart energy city, is expected to have the potential to reduce energy and carbon emissions by 69.7%.
UKM through the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) and UKM Pakarunding in collaboration with Jinko Solar Technology Sdn Bhd has made strides in developing this smart energy city.
